Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
3D glasses help doctors perform invasive surgery when their hands are obscured from view.
Moviegoers aren't the only ones wearing 3D glasses nowadays—doctors could benefit from them, too, a new study suggests.
In the past, doctors have been skeptical of using 3D technology in their work, preferring to rely on their own experience. But that may change, thanks to improved 3D glasses and even glasses-free systems ed by industry sponsors, the study of 50 surgeons using the new technology showed improvements in surgical precision and speed.
"While the technology still requires some free-tuning, technology without the need to wear special glasses will increase the popularity of 3D systems in operating rooms," study leader Ulrich Leiner of the Fratmhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI) in Berlin said in a statement.
Improvements to screens are driving developments in 3D technology. High-definition screens are already available. The next step is ultra-high definition, with a sixteen fold improvement in resolution, according to study co-author Michael Witte of HHI.
To evaluate whether new 3D technology was ready for hospital applications, researchers invited surgeons from the Klinikum rechts der Isar's surgical hospital to test it out. A leading endoscope manufacturer and an international display company funded the study.
The surgeons tested four different systems: 2D, 3D with glasses, 3D without glasses and a mirror-based 3D system. The glasses-free model relied on an eye-tracking camera system that delivered separate images to each eye, creating a 3D effect in the brain.
The images came from endoscopic cameras used in surgery. The doctors practiced a simulated, routine surgical procedure in which they sewed up a wound in a model patient's stomach using a needle and thread. Just as in a minimally invasive surgery, their hands were obscured from view and they relied
on the screen to see what they were doing.
"The results were astonishing," Hubertus Feuner, of the Klinikum rechts der Isar university hospital in Munich, said in a statement. The winning surgeon performed the procedure in 15 percent less time and with considerably increased precision, Feuner said.
The most surprising thing was that not only young surgeons benefited, but experienced surgeons also, according to the researchers. The winning doctor has worked at the hospital for more than 30 years and has conducted thousands of operations.
The surgeons in the study rated the 3D glasses system the highest, and the glasses-free system as comparable to the 2D one.
Once the technology is widely available, will doctors begin using it. "There's no doubt that 3D will be a commodity in the future." Witte said.
The study's findings will be presented at a congress of the Association of German. Surgeons in Berlin in April. The findings have not been published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.
56. What can be inferred about 3D glasses from the second paragraph?
A) Doctors usually have a poor eye sight.
B) Moviegoers often wear 3D glasses to watch films.
C) Some doctors are moviegoers.
D) Moviegoers know how to perform surgery.
57. What was the doctors' attitude toward 3D technology in the past?
A) Apathetic.
B) Positive.
C) Disappointed.
D) Doubtful.
58. To create a 3D effect in the brain, an eye-tracking camera system
A) enabled each eye to receive separate images
B) separated images for each eye
C) delivered images of each eye through a camera
D) delivered to each glass separate images
59. The benefits that 3D technology may bring to surgeons are
A) less precision and less time
B) improved precision and less time
C) improved precision and more time
D) obscured views
60. What can be inferred from the feedbacks of the surgeons?
A) 3D glasses system has the highest technology.
B) 3D glasses system is no better than 2D one.
C) The glasses-free system is superior to the 2D one.
D) 3D glasses system is more helpful than the glasses-free system.
參考答案與解析
56.B)。定位到第二段：Moviegoers aren’t the only ones wearing 3D glasses nowadays—doctors could benefit from them，too，a new study suggests.
詳解 理判斷題。本題考查讀者對該段言外之意的理解。定位段指出，如今戴著3D眼鏡的並非只有電影愛好者，一項新的研究表明3D眼鏡也能讓醫生獲益，言外之意就 是，電影愛好者經常戴著3D眼鏡觀看電影，故答案為B)。A)“醫生視力不好”、C)“有些醫生也是電影愛好者”和D)“電影愛好者會做手術”在文中並未 提及，故均排除。
57.D) 定位 由題幹中in the past定位到第三段第一句：In the past，doctors have been skeptical of using 3D technology in their work，preferring to rely on their own experience.
詳解 參觀點態度題。本題考查過去醫生對3D技術的態度。定位句提到，在過去，醫生對工作中使用3D技術持懷疑態度，他們更願意依靠自身的經驗，D)為skeptical的近義詞，故為答案。A)“冷漠的”、B)“積極的'”和C)“失望的”，均排除。
58.A)。定位 由題幹中的king camera system定位到第七段第二句：The model relied on all eye-tracking camera system that delivered separate images to each eye，creating a 3D effect in the brain.
詳解 事實細節題。本題考查視線捕捉攝像系統的功能。定位句提到，無需佩戴眼鏡的系統依靠捕捉視線的攝像系統將獨立的影象傳送到每隻眼睛，從而在大腦中形成3D 效果，故A)為答案。B)“為眼睛分開影象”文章並未提及，故排除;C)“通過攝像機來傳輸眼睛的影象”是對文章意思的曲解，故排除;D)“將獨立的影象 傳送到每個眼鏡”與文意不符，故排除。
59.B)。定位 由題幹中的benefits that 3D technology may bring to surgeons定位到第九段第二句：The winning surgeon performed the procedure in l5 percent less time and with considerably increased er said.
詳解 事實細節題。本題考查3D技術帶來的好處。由定位句可知，費斯納爾說，“測試中完成最好的醫師不僅少花了15%的時間而且精準性得到大幅提高，即更高的精準性與更少的時間”，故答案為B)。同時，排除A)與C);D)“模糊的視線”文中並未提及，故排除。
60.D)。定位 由題幹中的feedbacks of the surgeons定位到第十一段：The surgeons in the study rated the 3D glasses system the highest，and the glasses—free system as comparable to the 2D one.
詳解 推理判斷題。由定位句可知，研究專案的外科醫生們給3D眼鏡系統的分數最高，而無需佩戴眼鏡的3D系統和2D系統差不多，D)是對原文的轉述，故為答案。 A)“3D眼鏡系統技術含量最高”在文中並未提及，故排除;B)“3D眼鏡系統不比2D系統好”和C)“無需佩戴眼鏡的3D系統比2D系統好”與原文邏輯 不符,故均挑除。
Passage Two
Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “ I’m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy.” The owner says, “ It’s been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasn’t been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.
When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb,” “You’re lazy,” and “You’re dishonest,” may also say “No!” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking.”
We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.
ctive communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ___.
use proper words to carry their ideas.
both speak truly of their own feelings.
try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words.
are capable of associating meaning with their words.
2.“I’m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___.
A.I’m just calling your attention.
B.I’m just kidding.
C.I’m just saying the opposite.
D.I’m just giving off some sound.
house-owner’s example shows that he actually means___.
step has been like that for years.
doesn’t think it necessary to fix the step.
condition of the step is only a minor fault.
cost involved in the fixing should be shared.
responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if___.
ed to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.
as one’s habitual pattern of behavior.
n as part of an ordering sequence.
essed to a series of charges.
word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___.
out true intention.
t-heartedly.
a way of ceremony.
less emphasis.
答案：DBABC
