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Questions 56 to 60 are based on the followingpassage.
A study of nearly 140,000 women in the U. ed that regular helpings of a small portion ofnuts can have a powerful protective effect against adisease that is threatening to become a globalepidemic. Women who consumed a 28 gram packet of walnuts at least twice a week were 24per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never ate them. Eatingwalnuts just two or three times a week can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost aquarter.
The latest findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, are not the first to highlight theanti-diabetic effects of walnuts, with earlier research showing similar benefits. However, this isthought to be one of the largest studies to fmd regularly snarling on them can help preventthe condition. Although the latest research was carried out on female nurses, it's likely that thesame benefits apply to men.
According to the charity Diabetes UK, at the current rate of increase, the numbersaffected by type 2 diabetes in the UK will rise from around 2.5 million currently to four millionby 2025 and five million by 2030. Left untreated, it can raise the risk of heart attacks,blindness and amputation (截肢). Being overweight, physically inactive and having a poor dietare major risk factors for the disease.
Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, U. S. , tracked 137,893 nursesaged from 35 to 77 over a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes. Theirdietary habits were closely monitored, including details on how often they ate nuts, particularlywalnuts. After allowing for body fat and weight, the researchers found eating walnuts one tothree times a month reduced the risk by four per cent, once a week by 13 per cent and at leasttwice a week by 24 per cent.
In a report on the findings the researchers said: "These results suggest higher walnutconsumption is associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women: "Walnuts are rich in healthy fatty acids(脂肪酸)which have been shown to reduce inflammation(炎症) in the body and protect against heart disease, cancer and arthritis(關節炎). Last year,experts at the University of California Los Angeles also found young men in their twenties andthirties who ate walnuts every day increased their sperm count and boosted their fertility.
The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eatingnuts can reduce people's risk of obesity. The study found that those who consumed varietiessuch as almonds and pistachios(開心果) demonstrated a lower body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference compared to non-consumers. They were also at lower risk ofdeveloping heart disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
56. According to the passage, what does "a global epidemic" ( Line 3, Para. 1 ) refer to?
A) A disease.
B) Type 2 diabetes.
C) Cancer.
D) Obesity.
57. According to the passage, the research published in the Journal of Nutrition
A) was carried out on male nurses.
B) is considered as the largest study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.
C) emphasizes walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.
D) is the first study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.
58. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A) The number of diabetes patients in the UK will double by 2025.
B) Type 2 diabetes is mainly triggered by childhood overweight.
C) Diet and exercise may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
D) Type 2 diabetes will cause a significant increase of weight.
59. Which of the following is TRUE about the 137,893 nurses tracked by scientists at theHarvard?
A) Most of them are female.
B) Their eating habits were closely inspected for over ten years.
C) Their age is ranging from 35 to 77 years old.
D) They have about the same body fat and weight.
60. It has been proved that eating nuts can
A) lower people's body weight, BMI and waist circumference
B) reduce inflammation in the body
C) lower people's risk of heart disease, cancer and arthritis
D) increase young men's sperm count and boost their fertility
參考答案56.B)。本題考查有關a global epidemic的指代。由定位句“一項對美國近14萬女性進行的研究表明，定期吃一小份堅果對於一種全球性的致命性流行病可以起到很強大的預防作用”可知，該段主題為吃核桃可減少患2型糖尿病的危險，由此可知這個致命性的全球流行病為2型糖尿病，故答案為B)。
57.C)。本題考查對刊登在《營養期刊》雜誌上的最新研究的理解。定位句提到“刊登在《營養期刊》雜誌上的`最新研究發現並非是首次強調核桃對糖尿病有預防功效的研究，之前早就有研究表明核桃有類似功效”，C)“強調核桃對糖尿病有預防功效”中的emphasize對應原文的highlight，故為答案。
58.C)。本題考查2型糖尿病的誘導原因。定位句提到“體重超重、不鍛鍊身體、不良飲食習慣是糖尿病的主要風險因素。”由此可推知，鍛鍊身體、良好的飲食習慣可降低患糖尿病的風險，故C)為答案。
59.C)。本題考查哈佛公共衛生學院的科學家所追蹤的護士的情況。由定位句可知“美國波士頓哈佛公共衛生學院的科學家們對l37，893名年齡從35歲到77歲的護士跟蹤研究了十年，觀察其中有多少人患2型糖尿病”，故C)為答案。
60.A)。本題考查吃各種堅果的益處。定位句指出“路易斯安那州州立大學的一項課題表明吃堅果可以降低人們肥胖的風險，在這之後便展開了相關的研究。經研究證明，那些吃各種堅果如杏仁、開心果的人與那些不吃堅果的人相比，體重相對較低、身體質量指數較低、腰圍相對較細”，A)“降低人們的體重、身體質量指數、腰圍”與原文表述一致，故為答案。
