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英語定語從句語法知識(精選)

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定語從句也稱為關係從句或形容詞性從句,由關係代(who, whom, whose, which, that, as )或關係副詞(when, where, why)等引導。關係詞除了起引導作用外,還在從句中指代前面的先行詞,並在從句中擔任一定的成分。下面是yjbys小編為大家帶來的關於定語從句的語法知識,歡迎閱讀。

英語定語從句語法知識(精選)

  1、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句

定語從句就其與先行詞的關係而言,可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句和先行詞之間沒有逗號,表示對先行詞起修飾限制作用;而非限定性定語從句和先行詞之間有逗號分開,是對先行詞進行補充說明,相當於並列句。

如:He is the man who has a strong personality. 他是個個性很強的人。(限定性定語從句)

My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在國外工作,他下週將回來。(非限定性定語從句)

注:

1) 非限定性定語從句不能用that來引導,一般用which,as或who(指人)。用which或as引導時,既可以修飾主句的部分內容,也可修飾主句的全部內容。如:

He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整個主句,在從句中作主語)

2) as引導的非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之後,但which或who引導的非限定性定語從句不能放在主句之前。如:As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people‘s life greatly.

3) 在限定性定語從句中,關係代詞作賓語時可以省略;但在 非限定性定語從句中,關係代詞作賓語時不能省略。如:

The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)

She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)

  2、只用關係代詞that,不用 which,who或whom的幾種情況

1)當先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等時。如:All that you want are here.

2) 當先行詞被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修飾時。如:There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.

3)當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階修飾時。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.

4)當出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞,並同時兼指人和物時。如: We are talking about the people and countries that we have

visited.

5) 當主句是以which 或 who 開頭的特殊疑問句時。如: Who is the person that is standing over there?

6) 當定語從句為there be 句型時,關係代詞只用that,

但經常可以省略。如: I know the difference (that) there is between you.

7)當關系代詞在從句中作表語時,常用that。如:He does not seem to be the man that he was

他似乎和過去不一樣了。

  3、 as 與其他詞連用引導的定語從句

as 引導定語從句時,可指人也可指物,通常與the same,such,so等連用,形式為:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as。As在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。如:

She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感覺與她自己的一樣。(as代替事,作賓語)

I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借給你使你感興趣的書。(as代替物,作主語)

注:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物“相似”,指同類事物;that引導的定語從句表示其內容與主句所講的事物是“同一個”,指同一事物。如:

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 這和我昨天丟的筆一樣。(類似的筆)

This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 這支筆就是我昨天丟的`那支。(同一支筆)

  4、“介詞+關係代詞”引導的定語從句

在“介詞+which/whom”結構中,介詞的選擇取決於3種情況:

1)定語從句中謂語動詞或表語的搭配。如: This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking.

2)先行詞與介詞的習慣搭配。如: The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.

儀表上顯示出這臺機器運轉的速度。

3)當定語從句為最高階時只能用of which; 否則用其他介詞。如:  I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.  I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.

注:不可拆分的動詞短語介詞不能提前,如put up with;有的短語可能有不同的介詞搭配,此時需要根據上下文來確定。如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等。

有時為表意清楚,還可以在關係副詞where/ when前加介詞from, to等。如:

China is the birthplace of kites, from

where kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.

中國是風箏的故鄉,從這裡,放風箏的運動傳到了日本、韓國、泰國和印度。

注 定語從句和同位語從句的區別

定語從句在複合句中的功能相當於形容詞,它對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用。而同位語從句則屬於名詞性從句,對與它有同位關係得名詞作進一步解釋,使其內容具體化。例如:

She felt very sad because of the news that her husband was killed in an aircraft crash. (同位語從句)

The fact that she told me made me very angry. (定語從句)