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Brief Introduction
在對外貿易中，按時裝運進出口貨物，及時將貨物從廠方運至目的地，對完成進出口交易、滿足市場需要、減少貨物積壓和提高商品的競爭能力，都起著積極重要的作用。 特別是對某些鮮活商品或季節性商品的運輸，更要搶時間、爭速度，及時完成運輸任務，以免造成經濟上的損失和信譽上的不良影響。如果裝卸不及時，運輸拖延，到貨慢，就會影響商品的銷路，甚至失去市場。
交貨是指賣方按照同買方約定的時間、地點和運輸方式將合同規定的貨物交付給買方或其代理人。裝運一般是指將貨物裝上運輸工具，它與交貨是兩個不同的概念。但是，在國際商務中，由於採用F.O.B、
C.F.R 和 C.I.F 三種價格術語，賣方只要根據合同的有關規定將貨物裝上船，取得提單，就算交貨。提單簽發日期亦即為交貨日。因此，裝運一詞常被用來代替交貨的概念。 這種憑單交貨被稱為象徵性交貨。(實際交貨是指貨物運抵目的地，因而，裝運時間與交貨時間是並不一致的。)憑單交貨時，裝運期和交貨期是一致的。在買賣合同中，合理地規定裝運期(交貨期)是很重要的。裝運期(交貨期)可分為三種：定期裝運、近期裝運和不定期裝運。
相關專題:
Basic Expressions
1. How long does it usually take you to make a delivery?
通常你方需要多長時間交貨?
2. As a rule, we deliver all our orders within three months after
receipt of the covering L/C.
一般說來，我們在收到有關的信用證後三個月內可交貨。
3. Could you possibly advance shipment further more?
你方能不能再提前一點交貨?
4. I hope that the goods can be shipped promptly after you get our L/C.
我希望你們能在收到我方信用證後馬上裝運。
5. Shipment should be made before October，otherwise we are not able to catch the season.
十月底前必須交貨，否則就趕不上季節了。
6. The earliest shipment we can make is early March.
三月初是我們能夠做到的最早交貨日期。
7. I’m sorry，we can’t advance the time of shipment.
很抱歉，我們不能提前交貨。
8. The order is so urgently required that we must ask you to expedite shipment.
我方迫切需要這次訂貨，故請貴方加快裝運。
9. We are confident of being able to ship the goods to you by the end of next month.
我們相信能在下月底前將貨物裝運給你們。
10. The goods ordered are all in stock and we assure you that the first steamer will make the shipment available in November.
貴公司訂購的貨物我方均有現貨，可保證在十一月份將貨物裝上第 一條便船。
11. Please see to it that the goods are shipped per PEACE sailing on or about October 15th.
請確保貨物由十月十五日左右啟航的“和平輪”裝運。
12. Shipment by the middle of October will be too late for us.
十月中旬交貨太晚了。
13. We’ll try our best to advance shipment to September.
我們會盡最大努力將交貨期提前到九月。
14. When is the earliest possible date you can ship the goods?
你們最早什麼時候可以裝運?
15. I wonder whether you can make shipment in September.
我想知道你們能否在九月份裝運。
16. How long will the delivery take from here to Canada by sea freight?
從這裡到加拿大海運需多長時間?
17. I don’t think I can promise you any January shipments.
我不能保證一月份發貨。
18. Please be informed that the shipment of the cargo (your purchase order No. 123) was sent yesterday, airway bill No.123.
特此通知這批貨物(你方訂單號碼是No.123)昨天已裝運，航 空貨物的領取號碼是No.123。
19. In case you do not receive the goods on or before December 12, please let us know.
萬一你方沒有在12月12日或之前收到貨物，請告知我方。
20. We will do all we can to fill your order so that the goods will be shipped before October 15.
我方將盡全力履行此訂單，將於10月15日前安排這些貨物裝船。
Conversations
Dialogue 1
A: Now we have settled the terms of payment. Is it possible to effect shipment during September?
B: I don’t think we can.
A: Then when is the earliest we can expect shipment?
B: By the middle of October, I think.
A: That’s too late. You see, November is the season for this commodity in our market, and our Customs formalities are rather compli- cated.
B: I understand.
A: Besides, the flow through the marketing channels and the red tape involved take at least a couple of weeks. Thus, after ship- ment it will be four to five weeks altogether before the goods can reach our retailers. The goods must therefore be shipped
before October;otherwise we won’t be in time for the selling season.
-- 現在我們已經談妥了付款條件，你方是否能夠在九月份裝船?
-- 我看不行。
-- 那麼最早什麼時候可以裝船呢?
-- 恐怕要在十月中旬。
-- 那太遲了。你知道，在我方市場上，十一月份是這種商品的上 市季節，而我們的海關手續又相當複雜。
-- 我明白。
-- 另外，通過銷售渠道以及繁瑣的公文程式，起碼要花上幾個星 期。這樣從裝船後到我們的零售商收到貨物，總共要用四、五 個星期。因此，十月份前貨物必須裝船，否則我們就趕不上銷 售季節了。
B: But our factories are fully committed for the third quarter. In fact, many of our clients are placing orders for delivery in the fourth quarter.
A: Mr. Brown, you certainly realize that the time of delivery is a mat- ter of great importance to us. If we place our goods on the market at a time when all other importers have already sold their goods at profitable prices, we shall lose out.
B: I see your point. However, we have done more business this year than any of the previous years. I am very sorry to say that we cannot advance the time of delivery.
A: That’s too bad, but I sincerely hope you will give our request your special consideration.
B: You may take it from me that the last thing we want to do is to disappoint an old customer like you. But the fact remains that our manufacturers have a heavy backlog on their hands.
A: But can’t you find some way to get round your producers for an earlier delivery? Make a special effort, please. A timely delivery means a lot to us.
B: All right. We’ll get in touch with our producers and see what they have to say.
-- 但是我們工廠第三季度的生產任務已全部排滿了。事實上，我們很 多客戶在訂第四季度交的貨呢。
-- 布朗先生，你知道的，交貨時間對我們來說很重要。如果在我 們把商品投放到市場上去的時候，別的進口商已經把商品脫手 賺錢了，那我們就虧了。
-- 這點我明白。但是今年我們做的貿易比以往哪一年都要大。很 遺憾不能提前交貨。
-- 那糟了，但我真心希望你們對我們的要求給予特殊的考慮。
-- 我可以向你保證，我們最不願做那些讓像你們這樣的老客戶失 望的事，但是我們的廠家眼前的交貨壓得很重，這是事實。
-- 你不能想些辦法說服廠家提前一些時間交貨嗎? 請你特別加把 勁。及時交貨對我們關係可大啦!
-- 好吧。我們和廠家聯絡一下，聽聽他們的意見。
Dialogue 2
A: It has just occurred to me that there is still another possibil- ity to ensure a prompt delivery of the goods.
B: And that is?
A: How about making Hong Kong the port of shipment instead of New York?
B: I’m afraid we can’t agree to that. We concluded the business with you here in Houston, and the goods you ordered are manufactured in New York. We wish to point out that all orders accepted by us are shipped from New York or Seattle. Hong Kong is out of the question.
A: It’s like this. There are only one or two ships sailing a month from New York to Osaka, while sailings from Hong Kong are quite frequent. If shipment were effected from Hong Kong, we could receive the goods much earlier.
-- 我剛想起來了，還有一種可能性確保即期交貨。
-- 什麼可能性?
-- 把交貨港從紐約改為香港怎麼樣?
-- 那個我們恐怕不能同意。我們是在休斯頓達成交易的，而你所 訂貨物在紐約生產。我們要指出的是，我們接受的所有訂貨是 從紐約或西雅圖發貨的。香港不行。
-- 原因是這樣的：從紐約到大阪每個月只有一二個航班，而從香 港到大阪的船卻相當頻繁。如果在香港交貨，我們收到貨物的 時間就會早很多。
B: I see. You want to have your goods shipped from New York to Osaka via Hong Kong, where they can be transshipped. Is that the idea?
A: Yes, exactly, because I want these goods on our market at the earliest possible date.
B: Your idea may be a good one, but the trouble is that there are risks of pilferage or damage to the goods during transshipment at Hong Kong. How about shipping them from Seattle instead of NewYork? You may choose either one as port of shipment. It makes no difference to us. There are more sailings from Seattle than from New York.
A: It sounds all right to me, but I will have to think about it. I’ll give you a definite answer tomorrow. If I choose Seattle, will it be possible for you to ship the goods by the end of March?
B: We’ll try our best. Anyway, we assure you that shipment will be made not later than the first half of April.
-- 原來是這樣。你想經由香港中轉把貨從紐約運到大阪，是不是?
-- 對，就是這樣，因為我們想把商品儘可能早地投放市場。
-- 這個想法倒不錯。不過問題是，在香港轉船期間，貨物有被偷竊和 損壞的風險。交貨港由紐約改為西雅圖怎麼樣?你可以隨便選擇一 個裝運港。對我們來說都一樣。從西雅圖啟航的船隻比紐約多。
-- 我是覺得不錯，但我得想一想，明天給你答覆。如果我選擇西雅 圖，你們能在三月底前交貨嗎?
-- 我們盡力而為吧!不管怎樣，請你放心，交貨不會遲於四月上旬。
Dialogue 3
A: Could you do something to advance your time of shipment?
B: Well, our manufacturers are fully committed at the moment. I’m afraid it’s very difficult to improve any further on the time.
A: I hope you’ll try to convince them to step up production.
B: We check their production schedule against our orders almost every day. As new orders keep coming in, they are working three shifts to step up production. I’m sorry, but we simply can
BUSINESS ENGLISH 300
not commit ourselves beyond what the production schedule can fulfill.
A: Well, in that case, there is nothing more to be said. What’s your last word as to the date then?
B: I said by the middle of October. This is the best we can promise.
A: All right. I’ll take you at your word. May I suggest that you put down in the contract shipment on October 15th or earlier? Our letter of credit will be opened early September.
B: Good. Let’s call it a deal. We’ll do our best to advance the ship- ment to September. The chances are that some of the other orders may be cancelled. But of course you cannot count on that. In any case, we’ll let you know by email.
-- 你們能否想些辦法提前交貨?
-- 但我們的廠家眼前都很忙，要再提前恐怕很難。
-- 希望你們能設法說服他們加速生產。
-- 我們幾乎每天核對他們的生產進度以跟進訂單。由於接連不斷地 收到新訂單，他們現在一天三班工作來加快生產。很抱歉，我們 承擔的任務實在不能超出生產計劃所能完成的限額。
-- 如果是這樣，多說也無益。那麼你能不能最後確定一下什麼時候 能交貨呢?
-- 要到十月中旬，這是我們能夠答應的最縟掌凇?
-- 好吧，那就以你的話為準了。我建議你在合同裡寫上“十月十五 日或之前交貨”行嗎?我們在九月初開立信用證。
-- 好!就這樣決定吧!我們盡力把交貨期提前到九月份。有可能取 消其他一些訂單，不過當然還不確定。不管怎樣，我們會發電子 郵件告知你的。
