一.形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高階構成:
1.單音節詞和少數雙音節詞的比較級和最高階的構成
情況 | 構成方式 | 原級 | 比較級 | 最高階 |
一般情況 | 加-er或-est | new long | newer longer | newest longest |
以e 結尾的詞 | 加-r或-st | fine late | finer later | finest latest |
以“子音+y”結尾的詞 | 變y為i再加-er 或-est | early happy | earlier happier | earliest happiest |
重讀閉音節的詞末尾只有一個子音字母 | 先雙寫子音字母,再加-er或-est | hot thin fat | hotter thinner fatter | hottest thinnest fattest |
2.多音節詞和部分雙音節詞在其前面加more或 most。如:
原級 比較級 最高階
useful -- more useful -- most useful
difficult -- more difficult -- most difficult
delicious -- more delicious -- most delicious
3.有幾個形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高階屬於不規則變化:
原級 | 比較級 | 最高階 |
good / well | better | best |
bad / ill | worse | worst |
many / much | more | most |
little | less | least |
old | older(新舊或年齡)/elder(兄弟姐妹的長幼關係) | oldest/ eldest |
far | farther(表示距離,譯為“更遠”)/ further(表示程度,譯為“進一步的”) | farthest/ furthest |
總結為“兩好,兩壞,兩多,一少,一老,一遠” 不規則。
注意: healthy--healthier----healthiest
friendly---friendlier---friendliest
crowded---more crowded---most crowded
二.形容詞、副詞比較級的用法
1.形容詞的比較級可以單獨使用:
Be more careful next time. 下次小心點。
Which book is better? 哪本書更好?
2.也可以和than連用,表示兩者相比,than後可以跟:
a. 名詞或代詞:
He is older than me / I .
他年齡比我大。
b. 動名詞:
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c. 從句:
I was a better singer than he was.
我唱歌比他好。
句型1:as+形容詞原形+as
This jacket is as beautiful as that one.
句型2. not as+形容詞原形+as=not so+形容詞原形+as
前者不及/不如 後者
This school is not as beautiful as that one.
表達前者不如後者還可以用: less +原級+than
This school is less beautiful than that one。
句型3 :1)表示“是......的幾倍時” ......倍數+as 原級as.......
This garden is ten times as large as that one。
這個花園是那個的九倍大。
倍數的表達:once ; twice ; three times; four times.......
2)表示“比...多幾倍” 倍數 + 比較級+than ....
His garden is 9 times larger than that one.
他的花園比那個大九倍。
句型4 :比較級+than any other+單數名詞
“比其他的任何一個...”
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
句型5 : the +比較級+of the two…(the twins.) “兩個中較....” Amy is the shorter of the two girls.
句型6 :(單音節)比較級 + and + 比較級”
(多音節)“more and more +原級”, 越來越……
better and better
fatter and fatter
more and more beautiful
句型7 :the 比較級+句子, the 比較級+句子
越……, 越……。
The harder you study, the better grades you will get.
注意:比較級前還可加其他表示數量的詞:
My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十歲。
三. 形容詞、副詞比較級的'修飾語
修飾形容詞,副詞比較級的常用修飾詞有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, any等.
只用於修飾比較級的: much; still; even
在否定句,疑問句或條件狀語從句中,修飾形容詞,副詞的比較級,只能用any來修飾.
He can't jump any higher.
他不能跳得更高了.
Can he jump any higher?
他能跳得更高一些嗎?
Do you feel any better today?
你今天感覺好一點了嗎?
If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.
如果你能跳得更高些,我就獎勵你.
四.最高階的使用
(三者或三者以上) 形容詞的最高階要加定冠詞the , 副詞最高階可省略the,
句型1:the+最高階+ of /in
a. in 表示
“在…內(指某範圍內)” 可以跟表示單位,組織,時間等單數名詞.
My mother is the busiest in my family
b. of表示屬性(指在同類的人,物中)後可接
Jim works hardest of us all. Of the mountains , this is the highest.
句型2 : One of+the+最高階+名詞複數 “最……的……之一”
One of the most important languages is English.
最重要的語言之一是英語。
句型3 the+序數詞+最高階+單數名詞+in短語 “
在……中是第幾個……”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
比較級中為了避免重複,常用one/that/those替代名詞。 往往指與前面同類而不是同一個的事物。
This pen is shorter than that one.
The weather here is much hotter than that of Shanghai.
The cars made in Tianjin is much more popular than those in Shanghai.