It is an honor to be here, and to follow the steps of Jim Yong Kim, World Bank Group President, who spoke at this Forum last year.
去年，世界銀行集團行長金墉先生在本論壇發表講話，今天，本人也榮幸地來到了這裡。
I want to talk to you about ending poverty—more specifically, since this is the World Knowledge Forum, I want to talk about how a collaborative approach to Knowledge, Learning and Innovation can become a powerful accelerator in our collective drive to end poverty.
我希望與諸位探討如何終結貧困——具體而言，鑑於這裡是世界知識論壇，本人希望在此談談如何通過協作的方式，讓知識、學習和創新成為我們戮力同心終結貧困的強大加速器。
The Ganga Problem
恆河之困
But first, I want to start with a story from my home country, India. The story is about the river Ganges.
首先，我想以我祖國印度的故事作為開端，談一談恆河。
The Ganges is a sacred river, worshipped by Hindus as the Mother Ganga. The Ganga’s waters are considered to be so pure and sacred that, when you bathe in them, it cleanses you of all your sins. The Ganga River provides 25% of India’s water resources. More than 2500 kilometers long, it is the most heavily populated river basin in the world. For 400 million people, mostly very poor people, life and survival depend on Mother Ganga every day.
恆河是一條聖河，是印度人崇拜的母親河。人們認為在純潔神聖的恆河水中沐浴，可以滌除所有罪孽。恆河總長2500多公里，提供了印度水資源總量的25%，是世界上人口最為稠密的流域。居住在恆河流域的四億人口中大多數極度貧困，他們的日常起居與生存都要依賴這條母親河。
But sadly, today, the Ganges is dying. Poorly planned rapid urbanization and industrialization have turned the Ganga into the most polluted river in the world. Every day, more than 250 million liters of untreated sewage goes right into the Ganga. The reality is that today, bathing in the Ganga, does not cleanse you. It makes you sick. Health costs in the Ganga basin alone are about $4 billion per year.
但令人悲痛的是，如今的恆河卻奄奄一息。規劃不良、快速發展的.城鎮化與工業化已將恆河變為全球汙染最為嚴重的河流。每天，有2.5億升未加處理的汙水被直接排入恆河。如今，在恆河沐浴，不但無法洗去塵埃，反而會帶來疾病。僅恆河一地，每年的醫療費用就要消耗約40億美元。
The Ganga problem is not just a problem of immense magnitude. It is also a problem of immense complexity. It is not simply about cleaning a river. It is about how governments regulate, how companies make their profits, how people live their lives. The Ganga problem cuts across many different sectors—agriculture, urban management, environment, to name just a few. It also cuts across many stakeholders in society and most importantly, millions of poor people depend on the river for their lives and livelihoods.
恆河問題不僅規模龐大，而且極為複雜。問題不僅關乎河流治理，而且還涉及到政府如何監管，公司如何贏利以及人民如何生活。恆河問題橫跨農業、城市管理和環境等眾多領域，涉及社會眾多利益攸關方，且尤為重要的是，數千萬貧困人口的生活與生計都有賴於這條母親河。
Other countries too increasingly face challenges that are complex, multi-dimensional, and crucial to improving the lives of the poor: for instance, creating jobs in the townships of South-Africa; or, providing access to water in Yemen. Those are problems that have no specific technical fixes—building roads and bridges alone won’t do. They require humility, the ability to collaborate and learn from the experiences of others, and the ability to innovate and take innovations to scale.
為改善貧困人口的生活，其他國家亦面臨著越來越多複雜重大的跨領域挑戰，例如南非的城鎮就業、葉門的水資源獲取等問題。僅靠修路建橋等單純的技術手段無法解決這些問題。態度謙遜、相互協作、取長補短、具備創新能力及推廣創新，方是解決問題之道。
The challenge before us is how we can join forces and solve transformational problems of the magnitude, complexity and impact of the polluted Ganga? That question is at the very heart of the new World Bank Group (WBG) strategy.
我們面臨的挑戰是，如何攜手共同解決恆河汙染這種規模巨大、性質複雜且影響深遠的轉型問題？這正是世界銀行集團（世行集團）新戰略的核心內容。
The WBG Goals and New Strategy – The Imperative for a Solutions Partnership
世行集團的目標和新戰略—— 建立解決方案夥伴關係勢在必行
Last April, the shareholders of the World Bank Group, its 188 member countries, endorsed two goals: to end, by 2030, extreme poverty – as measured by those living under $1.25 per day— and to promote shared prosperity—as measured by income gains of the bottom 40% of the population. Four days ago, at our Annual Meetings, they took the next step by endorsing a new WBG Strategy to focus relentlessly on achieving those goals in a sustainable manner. Achieving the goals requires that we achieve a deeper and faster impact in the lives of 1.2 billion people worldwide who live in extreme poverty, on less than $1.25 a day, and another 2.7 billion who remain poor and vulnerable, living on $1.25 - $4 a day.
去年4月份，世行集團的188個成員國股東通過了兩專案標：到2030年終結極端貧困（以每天生活費低於1.25美元為衡量標準）和促進共享繁榮（ 以最底層40%人口的收入增長水平為衡量標準）。四天前，在世行集團年會上，成員國又進一步批准了世行集團新戰略，支援世行全力以赴以可持續的方式實現這些目標。實現這些目標要求我們迅速帶來深刻影響，提高12億赤貧人口（每天生活費低於1.25美元）以及27億貧窮弱勢群體（每天生活費在1.25 - 4美元之間）的生活水平。
