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英語中表達數目和數量的特別方法

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不可數名詞沒有表示複數的“-s”標誌,因此前面不可有數目字,只可以有數量詞。例如我們可以說①, 不可以說②:

英語中表達數目和數量的特別方法

①There is not much furniture in the office.

②There are not many furnitures in the office.

這是不是說不可數名詞就不可數呢?不然。相反的,不可數名詞也是可數的',主要方法是借重單位詞(unit word),如:

a piece of, a cup of, a drop of, a lump of, a handful of, a flash of, a blade of, a head of, a bar of, an ear of等。

如果數目是超過“一”,就以確實數目取代“一”。例如:

two pieces of, three cups of 和 five lumps of 等。

現在試試把上述這類單位詞和適當的不可數名詞連用。

① Mr Li has just bought a piece of new furniture.

② Give me a cup of cold water, please.

③ Please put two lumps of sugar in my coffee.

④ The boy picked up two handfuls of sand from the beach.

⑤ We saw a flash of lightning in the sky.

⑥ The gardener pulled out blades of wild grass from the garden.

⑦ She gave bars of chocolate to the visiting children.

有些名詞如 scissors, trousers, spectacles, tongs, pliers 等,都以複數形式出現, 如:

⑧ The scissors are lying on the table.

⑨ The spectacles fit me nicely.

如果要給這些名詞表示單數“一”的意思,就要借重單位詞了。例如:

⑩ Mary has just bought a pair of scissors.

現代英語注重簡潔,合成形容詞便應運而生,其中有一種是用來表示數目的,方法是:

“數目+名詞”,如:a five-year plan, a ten-dollar note, a two-hour meeting, a three-day conference等。

必須注意的是,這種合成形容詞中的名詞,只能以單數形式出現。如果用複數,就錯了,如:

a five-years plan, a ten-dollars note, a two-hours meeting, a three-days conference.

這類錯誤,雖然頻率不是很高,但也是要留意才好。

如果沒有把握,不妨用完整的表達方式,如:

a five-year plan→a plan of five years, a ten-dollar note→a note of ten dollars, a three-day conference→a conference of three days 等。