定語從句講解:where的用法
關係副詞where主要用於修飾表地點的名詞,同時它在定語從句中用作地點狀語。如:
This is the village where he was born. 這就是他出生的村子。
That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 這就是我們去年夏天住的旅館。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奧伯裡工作,每天得坐公共汽車去上班。
與前面when的情況一樣,注意不要一見到先行詞為地點名詞,就以為一定要用關係副詞where來引導定語從句,同時還要看它在定語從句中充當什麼成分——如果在定語從句中用作地點狀語,就用where;如果在定語從句中不是用作地點狀語,而是用作主語或賓語,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等。如:
He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家電視機廠工作。
【拓展延伸】
定語從句的定義:
被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。定語 從句由關係詞(關係代詞、關係副詞)引導,關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。
關係代詞引導的定語從句
關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語 從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that you want to see?
他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)[1] He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語)
關係副詞引導的定語從句
關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的.名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where, why
關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關係副詞
that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。