GRE，全稱Graduate Record Examination，中文名稱為美國研究生入學考試，適用於除法律與商業外的各專業。由美國教育考試服務處(Educational Testing Service，簡稱ETS)主辦，GRE是美國、加拿大的大學各類研究生院（除管理類學院，法學院）要求申請者所必須具備的一個考試成績，也是教授對申請者是否授予獎學金所依據的最重要的標準。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封裝）也簡稱GRE。
在TOEFL獨立型寫作、GRE以及GMAT ISSUE寫作中，全球化的`概念考查非常高頻，而且全球化的概念和影響在其他型別（例如科技、教育、政治以及文化類話題中也高頻被呼叫），因此面對這個高頻的主題素材，小寶老師特為所有同學補充全球化的概念的素材段落——全球化包括的五大領域：經濟、文化、政治、宗教和社會制度。來
Globalization can be found in five different areas: economic, cultural, political, religious, and social systems.
It should not be narrowly confused with economic globalization, which is only one aspect. While some scholars and observers of globalization stress convergence of patterns of production and consumption and a resulting homogenization of culture, power, stress, and hunger, others stress that globalization has the potential to take many diverse forms. In economics, globalization is the convergence of prices, products, wages, rates of interest and profits.
Globalization of the economy depends on the role of human migration, international trade, movement of capital, and integration of financial markets. The International Monetary Fund notes the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.
