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定語從句連線詞which

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英語,一大痛點在定語從句,which就是痛中之痛之一。下面是小編整理的定語從句連線詞which,歡迎大家閱讀參考,希望幫助到你。

定語從句連線詞which

定語從句連線詞which用法

which是定語從句的關係代詞之一。GMAT語法考試限定,which有且僅有兩種用法。

一,which前面有逗號,逗號前面是個名詞,which就近指代那個名詞。

(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.

which就近指代photos,定語從句中謂語動詞did not cheer (Pea up)的發出者即從句主語即先行詞photos,是photos沒讓豌豆家屬高興起來。

(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.

which就近指代photos,photos是定語從句中的賓語,把定語從句還原成一個完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.

可以看到,上面兩個句子都可以以that為關係代詞改寫,即

(1)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.

(2)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.

改寫與原版區別在哪兒?就在一個逗號。which前面是名詞,名詞和which之間沒逗號的,在GMAT語法裡算錯。

二,which前面是介詞,介詞前面是名詞,which就近指代介詞前的那個名詞,名詞和介詞之間有無逗號均可。

Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.

這個句子可以“拆”成如下兩句:(每個定語從句都可以拆成兩句,以先行詞為拆分點)

Tankfield once lent Pea a book. Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.

先行詞實際上是定語從句中介詞的賓語,這時,需要把介詞提前,避免如下表達:

Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

拓展:定語從句中的`that和which用法區別

that和which在從句裡都可以做賓語和主語,做賓語時可以省略。在定語從句中,有種說法叫"關賓省",意思是關係代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語可以省略,不管是that,which,還是whom。但是which能引導非限制性定語從句,that則不行。

其次,記得以下只能用that的幾種情況:

1. 當先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構成的複合不定代詞時。

如:

Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.

有關此事,凡是你所知道的請告訴我。

2. 當先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時。

如:You can take any seat that is free.

任何空著的座位你都可以坐。

3. 當先行詞為序數詞或被序數詞所修飾時。

如:

This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.

這是我們校本學期放映的第四部電影。

4. 當先行詞為形容詞最高階或被形容詞最高階修飾時。

如:

This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.

這是我讀過的一本有趣的故事書。

5. 當先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時。

如:

The only thing that we could do was to wait.

我們唯一能做的事就是等待。

注意:先行詞被the same修飾時,關係代詞也可用as。

如:I need the same book that / as you have.

我需要有你一樣的書。

6. 當先行詞既包含人又包含物時。

如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.

他們正在談論他們感興趣的女英雄及她們的事蹟。

7. 當先行詞是疑問代詞who,which,what或主句以這些詞開頭時。

如:

Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?

曾經和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他?

8. 當先行詞為主句表語或關係代詞為從句表語時。

如:

Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.

我們的學校現在已不是過去的那個樣子了。

9. 先行詞為time時,當time表示次數,引導詞用that, 可省略。 當表示時間,可用that或when引導,都可省略。

如:

I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month.

我不記得上個月到達上海的確切時間了。

最後,請注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:

1. 在“介詞+關係代詞”結構中,關係代詞必須用which。

如:

This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.

這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。

注意: 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首, which就可換為that, 例如:

This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

這就是我們已經多次討論過的問題。

2. 先行詞為“those+表事物的複數名詞”時, 關係代詞通常只用which而不用that。

如:You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.

你應該掌握好這些可以用到未來工作中的技能

最後,記得這個特殊情況吧:當先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時,可以用that引導定語從句,相當於介詞+which,that可以省略。

如:

He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.

他不喜歡她對他的母親那樣說話。

Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.

很難想象,他開車開得那麼快。