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定語從句詳細講解

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導語:定語從句是英語從句中比較常考的知識點,下面小編詳細講解定語從句,歡迎參考。

定語從句詳細講解

1. 定語從句的概念和特點

定語從句在複合句中起定語作用,修飾主句中的名詞或代詞。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般在先行詞之後。引導定語從句的詞叫關係詞。關係詞在先行詞與定語從句之間起紐帶作用。關係詞代表著先行詞並在定語從句中充當一個句子成分。如:

A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller. 開店售書的人叫做書商。(who sells books為定語從句,修飾先行詞a man)

The discussion was on the election which had taken place the day before. 討論的內容全是有關前一天選舉的.事。(which had taken place the day before為定語從句,修飾先行詞the election)

2. 關係代詞和關係副詞的用法

根據關係詞在定語從句中的不同用法,可分為關係代詞和關係副詞。關係代詞主要有who, whom, which, that, whose等,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等;關係副詞主要有when, where, why等,在定語從句中作狀語。具體用法如下:

(1)關係代詞的用法:當先行詞指人時,若它在從句中作主語,則用who;若它在從句作賓語,則用whom或who;若它在從句中作定語,則用whose。如:

The man who told me this refused to tell me his name. 告訴我這事的人不肯告訴我他的名字。

The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it. 你拿了那個女人的傘,她非常生氣。

當先行詞指物時,若在定語從句中作主語或賓語,則用which;若它在定語從句中作定語用,則用of which或whose。如:

I saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在報上看到一樣可能使你感興趣的東西。

He’s written a book the name of which (whose name) I’ve forgotten. 他寫了一本書,書名我給忘了。

(2) 關係副詞的用法:關係副詞主要有when, where, why等,在定語從句中作狀語,分別表示時間、在點和原因。when主要放在time, day, years, season, age, occasion等時間的名詞後;where主要放在place, city, town, village, house等地點名詞後;why則通常只放在reason後。如:

Wednesday is the day when the shops are not open in the afternoon. 星期三下午商店不開門。

Give me one reason why we should help you. 給我舉出一個我們應當幫助你的理由。

要特別注意,activity, case, point, even, situation, job, organization, position等抽象名詞後接where引導定語從句的用法(這是近幾年大學聯考的一個新熱點)。如:

I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐辦公桌前的工作。

Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天,我們將討論一些英語初學者對英語使用不當的問題。

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. 治療將會持續到病人可以正常且安全地行走。

If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的東西去冒險,那你就是將它置於一種可能會失去它的危險境地。

3. 關係代詞that與which的用法區別

兩者都可指物,常可互換。其區別主要在於:

(1) 通常要用which的場合:

①引導非限制性定語從句時,通常要用which。如:

She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老闆的邀請,這是她意想不到的。

②直接放在介詞後作賓語時,通常要用which。如:

The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他幹活用的那個工具叫做錘子。

(2) 通常多用that的場合:

①當先行詞是下列不定代詞或被它們修飾時much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等時,通常用that:

All (Everything) that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。

但在現代英語中,在something, anything, everything等之後用which引導定語從句的現象也很普通。

②當先行詞有the very, the only, the same 等修飾時,通常用that。如:

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有這一個。

Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原話。

③當先行詞有形容詞最高階或序數詞(包括last, next等)等修飾時,通常用that。如:

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 這是我用過的最好的詞典。

The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應該做的第一件事是訂個計劃。

④當關系代詞在定語從句中用作表語時,通常用that。如:

China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。

⑤當先行詞是一個既指人又指物的並列片語時,通常用that。如:

They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他們談論了使他們印象最深的人和事。

⑥當要避免重複時。如:

Which is the course that we are to take? 我們選哪門課程?