(1)on ,about 關於
on 表示這本書、文章、演說是嚴肅的學術性的，供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀;
about表示內容較為普通，不那麼正式。
例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.
He is writing a book on cooking.
He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具;
with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的.工具和手段;
in 表示用方式，用語言(語調、筆墨、顏色)等;
例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
(3)except, besides 除了
except 除之外，不包括在內;
besides 除之外，包括在內。
例句：Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構成的時間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：Every year travelers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國外的遊客來遊覽平窯鎮)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個星期他患重感冒)
⑵ for有時用來引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成對於而言。如：Its too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區區一個小時內完成這項工作太難了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個人住)
⑶ of有時用來表示後面的人物正好是前面的表語的邏輯主語。如：Its very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這麼做真是太好了)
⑷ 介詞有時會與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。
當賓語是疑問詞時。Who are you talking about?(你們在談論誰?)
賓語在從句中當連線詞時。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有一個需要他照顧的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什麼人談話嗎?)
動詞不定式作定語且該動詞為不及物動詞,後面有介詞。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我最終找到了一張椅子坐。)
(5) 記住一些固定片語：arrive at/in(到達),on foot(步行),notat all(根本不),to the north of(在以北),in the east of(在的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿.),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿.),be good/bad for(對有益/有害),be made of(由做成),be made from(由製造),play with(玩耍),look out of(朝外面看),at the end of(在末梢/結束時),by the end of(不遲於/到末為止),with the help of或with ones help(在的幫助下),look after(照料),look for(尋找),on a bike(=by bike)騎車, help sb. with(幫某人做),get on (well) with(與某人相處[融洽]),等等。
