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阅读理解
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Late-night Drinking
Coffee lovers, be careful. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant (兴奋剂)，caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin (褪黑激素),the brain hormone that sends people Into a sleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. “It’s the neurohormone (神经激素)that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,” says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body’s levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf (脱咖啡因咖啡) average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off, twice as long as usual.
In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine (尿)sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine，the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme (酶) that drives melatonin production.
Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
1 The author mentions “ pick-me-up” to indicate that______.
A melatonin levels need to be raised
B neurohormone can wake us up
C coffee is a stimulant
D caffeine can balance our brain hormone
答案：C
解析：文中第一段第二句提到 “Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep”，说明在一天中的晚些时候喝一杯提神咖啡会影响睡眠。所以答案为 C。
2 Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?
A It blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.
B It interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.
C It halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone.
D It stays in the body for many hours.
答案：C
解析：文中第二段最后一句提到 “But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body’s levels of this sleep hormone”，说明以色列研究界发现含咖啡因的咖啡使体内的褪黑激素减半，所以答案为C。
3 What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss?
A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.
B Lotan Shilo’s research design on sleep.
C What the subjects did after drinking decaf at night.
D Why some subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.
答案：A
解析：第三段介绍了 Lotan Shilo和他的小组发现六名自愿者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡之后的睡眠质量比喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡之后要差，受试者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡;平均每晚睡336分钟，而喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡后睡415分钟。所以，这段主要讲的是含咖啡因的咖啡与不含咖啡因的咖啡对睡眠的不同影响，答案是A。
4 The experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 finds that caffeine drinkers______.
A sleep longer than decaf drinkers
B produce more urine at night
C wake up every three hours
D produce less melatonin
答案：D
解析：文中第四段第二句提到 “The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffcinc drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers”，说明喝含咖啡因咖啡的人褪黑激素的浓度是喝 了不含咖啡因咖啡的人的一半，所以答案是D。
5 Ohayon advises coffee lovers ______.
A to take decaf after lunch
B to drink less coffee during the day
C not to go to bed after taking coffee
D not to drink coffee after supper
答案：A
解析：文中第五段提到 “Ohayon recommcnds that coffce lovers switch to decaf after lunch”， 说明Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午餐喝不含咖啡因的咖啡，因此答案是A。C全文都在讲芭蕾的发展历程。
第二篇
The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility (贵族)，to participate in pageants that included music, poetry and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladles began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate (复杂的)walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs (假发)and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mld-1800s. One of the most Influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
6 This passage deals mainly with_____.
A famous names in ballet
B Russian ballet
C how ballet has developed
D why ballet is no longer popular
答案：C
解析：C全文都在讲芭蕾的发展历程。
7 The word “pageants” in Paragraph 2 means_______.
A dances
B instructions
C royal courts
D big shows
答案：D
解析：D通过前后文得出pageants包括了 music, poetry和dance，可知该题的意思可能是一 包含这些艺术形式的表演，这个同的实际意义是“盛大的庆典”。或者通过排除法也可轻松排除其他三个答案，从而选出正确答案。
8 Professional ballet was first performed in ______.
A Italy
B France
C Russia
D America
答案：B
解析：B第三段的'第一、二句It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France，himself a devoted dancer，founded the Royal Acadcmy of Dance.由此司以得出答案是B项。
9 Who had an important influence on early ballet?
A Balanchine.
B Antoinette.
C Diaghilev.
D Louis XIV.
答案：D
解析：芭蕾按发展历程分可分为早期芭蕾和经典芭蕾。A、B、C项中的人物都是经典芭蕾时期的，只有D项中的Louis XIV是对早期芭蕾产生了重要影响。
10 We can conclude from this passage that ballet .
A is a dying art
B will continue to change
C is currently performed only in Russia
D is often performed by dancers with little training
答案：B
解析：由第一段可知，芭蕾之所以到现在还长盛不衰，是因为多年来一直根据流行趋势在调整和发展，因此B项正确，同时可知A项错误。芭蕾舞在世界各地都有表演，因此C 项错误。芭蕾舞演员需要专业训练，可知D项错误。
第三篇
The World’s Best - Selling Medicine
Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid (水杨酸) This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach, in 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.
In 1897，in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father’s pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.
Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drag to his manager, who tested the drag and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.
Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective. It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.
At first，Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent (专利权)on the drag. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.
By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!
11 Why didn't the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain?
A It didn't work well.
B It hurt the stomach.
C It was hard to make.
D It was not cost-effective.
答案：C
解析：文中第一段最后一句话提到 “However，his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it”，可以看出他是因为困难所以停止，因此答案是C。
12 Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?
A His company told him to do that.
B His father was in pain.
C He wanted to make a lot of money.
D He suffered from headache.
答案：B
解析：文中第二段第二句话提到 “He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain”，可以看出他制药是因为他父亲在承受疼痛，因此答案是B。
13 Bayer started making aspirin because_______.
A it worked well in stopping pain
B it helped prevent heart attacks
C other companies were making it
D the manager was a scientist
答案：A
解析：依据可见文中第三段。
14 Bayer aspirin was_______.
A the only drug with the name “aspirin”
B not sold in drugstores in 1915
C the first aspirin sold in the United States
D not easy to find in drugstores
答案：C
解析：文中第五段第三句提到 “In the United States, Bayer had a patent (专利权)on the drug”，可以看是美国第一家卖阿司匹林的，所以答案选C。
15 What has happened to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market?
A Its new use has been discovered.
B Companies have stopped selling it.
C It has become the best—selling painkiller.
D Doctors have sold it to patients.
答案：A
解析：文中第六段提到医生注意到服用阿司匹林的病人比其他人得心脏病的概率要小，英国的研究者找到了阿司匹林防止心脏病发生的原因，所以答案是A, “它的新疗效被发现”。
第5部分：补全短文(第46-50 题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
A Doctor in the House
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too.______ (46) It Is one of many gadgets (小装置)proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York — others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal._____(47) In the long run, the technology may even prevent Illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages (绷带)are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics(抗生素) would work best. ______ (48)
Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer (溃瘍)is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma (黑瘤)monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer.______(49) If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check –up at your doctor’s surgery.
If all this sounds troublesome, then help is at hand. _____(50) A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.
A The cut could then be treated instantly, so avoiding possible complications.
B The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
C A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA.
D Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
E Experts are also working on a“digital doctor”，complete with a comforting bedside manner.
F That is going to be the difficult part.
46、答案：C
解析：由前文可知，此处描述一种装置，具有牙刷的外表和功能，也同时有促进分休其他 部分健康的作用，因此选C项。
47、答案：D
解析：项中的gadgets与前文相照应。整个句子强调新装置的易操作性。
48、答案：A
解析：文中讲述了智能绷带在包扎伤口时的作用，A项开头的The oit与前文相呼应，因此选择此项。
49、答案：B
解析：原文主要讲述新装置可以监视黑瘤以发现早期肿瘤，关键字是monitor,与选项中的 picture照应，因为肿瘤必须通过影像来观察，因此选择B项。
50、答案：E
解析：E前文的意思是，如果你觉得上面提到的方法很麻烦，还有更方便的方法，因此要选择的句子就是一种代替前义的方法，E选项符合要求。
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Domestic Violence
Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetime, according___ (51) one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men.
“Many men actually do ________ (52) domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often.” Dr. Robert J. Reid of the Univers ty of Washington in Seattle, one of the study’s authors, told Reuters Health. “They often don’t_____ (53) and we don’t ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence______ (54) they are not alone and there are resources available to them. ”
The researchers asked study (55) about physical abuse (人身伤害)and non -physical abuse, such as _____(56) that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior, and constant name-calling.
Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14. 2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner violence in the past five years, ____ (57) 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.
Rates were lower for men 55 and older, with 5.3 percent_____(58) violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months. ______(59)，30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26. 5 percent of older men said they had been____ (60) of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the____ (61)the men experienced was physical.
However, the physical violence men reported wasn’t as harsh as that _____ (62) by women in a previous study;20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated ______(63)as severe, compared with 61 percent of women.
Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health ______ (64) than those who had not,______(65) older men. the researchers found.
51 A at B by C to D for
答案：C
解析：本题考查搭配。according只与to搭配，意为“根据……”，所以答案是C。
52 A threaten B experience C fear D use
答案：B
解析：根据下文可知本句想要表达“许多人确实经历过家庭暴力，尽管我们没有经常听 说”。A是“威胁”，B是“经历”，C是“害怕，担心”，D是“使用”,所以答案是B。
53 A tell B answer C speak D talk
答案：A
解析：本句要表达的意思是“他们不说，我们也不问”。A是“告诉、说、讲述”，B是“经历”，C是“说话、讲话”，D是“(与人)谈话、交谈”。这用强调的是当事人向谈话对象的陈述、讲述、诉说，所以A是最佳选项。
54 A who B when C what D that
答案：D
解析：本题考查的是定语从句。此处缺一个关系代同修饰名同message，A项放在人的后面，B项放在时问名词后面，C项不能用于定语从句，所以答案为D。
55 A observers B listeners C participants D actors
答案：C
解析：本题考查名同词义。A项是“观察者”，B项是“听众”，C项“参与者”，D项是 “演员”。本句的意思是“研究者询问研究的参与者”，所以答案是C。
56 A news B threats C voices D friends
答案：B
解析：根据下文that引导的定语从句对此处的解释“使他们对自身安全感到害怕”可以看 出此处要表达“威胁”的意思。A为“新闻”，B为“威胁”，C为“嗓音”，D “朋友”，所以答案是B。
57 A while B since C because D as
答案：A
解析：本题考查介词词义。A项是“而(用于从句句首，引出与主句内容相对比的信息)”， B项是“自从”，C项是“因为”，D项是“像……一样”。本句想要表达“14.2%的人 说他们在过去五年经历过家暴，而6.1%的人说去年就经历过家暴”，所以答案是A。
58 A giving B realizing C understanding D reporting
答案：D
解析：本题考查动同含义。本句要表达“据报告，5.3%的人在过去五年经历过家暴”。A 项是“给予”，B项是“认知、认识、实现”，C项是“理解”，D项是“报告”，所以答 案是D。
59 A Overall B Yet c Thus D Besides
答案：A
解析：本题考查副词的同义。A项“总的来说、大休上”，B项“仍然、还”，C项“因 此”，D项“此外本句要表达的意思是“总的来说，55岁以下的有30. 5%, 55岁以上的有26. 5%都是家暴的受害者”，所以答案是A。
60 A makers B writers c victims D factors
答案：C
解析：本题是对名同的考查。A项是“制作者”，B项是“作者”，C项是“受害者”，D项 是“因素”。本句的意思是“总的来说，55岁以下的有30.5%，55岁以上的有26. 5%的人在他们人生中的某一时间都是家暴的受害者”，所以答案是C。
61 A form B violence c way D study
答案：B
解析：本句想要表达的意思是“人们经历的大约一半的家暴都是身体上的”。A项是“形式”，B项是“暴力”，C项是“方式”，D项是“研究”，所以B是最佳选项。
62 A suffered B performed c enjoyed D committed
答案：A
解析：本题考查动同的同义。A项是“遭受、蒙受”，B项是“履行、执行”，C项是“享受”，D项是“犯(罪)、做(错事)”。本句的意思是“然而，男人受到的暴力程度不像女人遭受的暴力那样严酷”，所以答案是A。
63 A this B them c those D it
答案：D
解析：本题考查代同的用法。本句的意思是“20%到40%的男人评价它(家暴)很严重”。 此处的代同应该指代没有生命的不可数名同，所以排除B、D。A项this通常与that相对，表示“这、这个”，而D项it指代前文出现的家暴，意为“它”，所以答案是D。
64 A activities B problems c results D arguments
答案：B
解析：B本题考查动同同义。A项是“活动”，B项是“问题”，C项是“结果”，D项是 “争论”。本题的意思是“经历过家暴的人比没有经历家暴的人有更多的情绪和心现健康问题。”
65 A specially B naturally c roughly D especially
答案：D
解析：D本题考查副词词义。本句的意思是“研究发现，经历过家暴的人比没有经历家暴的人有更多的情绪和心观健康问题，尤其是老人”。A项是“特别地、专门地”，B项是 “自然地”，C项是“粗略地”，D项是“尤其是、特别是”，所以答案是D。
