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2017託福突破閲讀長難句的辦法

託福 閲讀(8.63K)

導語:在做託福閲讀文章時,經常會遇見這樣一些句子,它們不僅包含的單詞多,而且結構複雜,層層嵌套。有時即使單詞都認識,但也不能準確把握其中意思。這種句子我們統統稱為長難句。下面這篇文章將介紹一些長難句的特點和解析的方法。

2017託福突破閲讀長難句的辦法

1. 定義:如果句子只包含一個主謂結構,句子各個成分都只由單詞或短語表示。

2. 分析方法:對於難度較大的簡單句,閲讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓,找出句子的主幹,忽略其他的成分,將長句變成短句,將句型結構複雜的句子變成句型結構簡單的句子。

3. 複雜的簡單句解析:

  (1)不定式及不定式短語做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語

例 hold people accountable for their actions is important.

中文譯文:督促人們為自己的'行為負責是十分重要的。

結構分析:不定式短語to hold people accountable for their action 做主語。

  (2)動名詞及動名詞短語做主語、表語、賓語

例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative so lutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.

中文譯文:它涉及到探究深層次的關注,想出有創造性的解決方案,以及當利益矛盾時,做出交易和妥協。

結構分析:這是一個簡單句。主語是it,謂語是involves,三個動名詞短語做賓語(屬於平行結構)。在閲讀中經常出現“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a 與b 同義或近義,所以只要認識其中一個詞就能猜測出另一個詞的大致意思。例如:trade-off and compromises。

  (3)後置定語

例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.

中文譯文:做這件事最常用的方法是談判,一種想要達成一致的交流的行為。

結構分析:The most common procedure for doing this 是主語從句;過去分詞短語intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的後置定語,the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是negotiation的同位語,對negotiation 進行解釋。

  長難句賞析

1. As my own studies have advanced,I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them.

隨着我的研究不斷深入,我對昆蟲和脊椎動物羣落之間的功能類似性印象愈來愈深刻,而對結構上的差異印象愈發淡漠,雖然這些結構上的差異初看上去似乎構成了二者間一條無法愈越的鴻溝。

2. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

雖然小説無疑起源於政治情狀,但其作者則是以非意識形態的方式對這些政治情狀作出反應的,而將小説和故事主要地當作意識形態的工具來探討,會在相當程度上阻礙小説事業。

3. Is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic?

這究竟是一種缺陷呢,還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學體系進行創作,抑或是在試圖創立一種與眾不同的美學體系?

4. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ?