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How We Form First Impression
1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her — aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different1. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information — the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared against2 a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean.”
3 If you see someone you know and like at school3, your brain says “familiar and safe.” If you see someone new, it says, “new — potentially threatening.” Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say. “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I’m intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures — like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong4.
4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people — their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character — we categorize them as jocks , geeks , or freaks.
5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking — and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
詞彙: trait /treit/n.特點，特徵，特性 geek /^i:k/n.反常的人 simplistic /sim5plistik/adj.過分單純化的 stereotype /5stiEriEutaip/v.對產生成見 categorical /7kAti5^CrikEl/adj.絕對的 humane /hju:5mein/adj.有人情味的，人文的 host /hEust/n.一大群，許多 ethnicity /eW5nisiti/n.種族特點 sensory /5sensEri/adj.感官的，感覺的 intrigue /in5tri:^/n.激起興趣 cortex /5kC:teks/n.腦皮層 freak /fri:k/n.怪人jock /dVCk/n.騙子 註釋:
1. Your brain is so sensitive picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different：從 even開始到 as different是個結果狀語從句，相當於 that even very minor …，而 that是與主句中的 so呼應的。
2. against：和……對比
3. If you see someone you know and like at school, …：如果你在學校裡看見某個你認識而且喜歡的人……。 like在這裡是動詞。
4. dead wrong：相當於 completely wrong。dead wrong是口語表達用語。
練習：
5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through .
6. You interpret by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to .
8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to .
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking B the most complex areas of our cortex C the immature form of thinking of a very young child D the meaning of incoming sensory information. E the sights and sounds of t he world. F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
答案與題解：
1. D 本段敘述的是人腦解讀感官資訊的過程。
2. C本段舉例說明第一印象解讀的過程，將第二段敘述的內容具體化。
3. B本段對第一印象進行了評論，說第一印象不成熟， simplistic and categorical。
4. A 本段說如果我們與某個人接觸，瞭解他的生活、希望、夢想和性格特徵，我們就不會停留在第一印象的
階段，對該人的認識進入一個更深的層次。
5. E 選 E的依據在第二段的'第三句。
6. D選 D的依據在第二段的昀後兩句。 Sensory information的意思就是 information perceived through sensory organs(視覺、聽覺、、味覺、觸覺、嗅覺等)。
7. C選 C的依據在第四段的第一句，該句是： When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.
8. B選 B的依據在第五段第二句。
