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The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World
1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.
2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows — but never gets as big as the other droplet — and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke2.
3 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension — the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating — becomes more important at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.
4 Although the amount of energy produced is small — 20 microwatt s — it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be too million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.
5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.
6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.
詞彙: shuffle /5FQfl/v.來回運動 nanometer /5neinE7mi:tE/n.奈米，毫微米 molten /5mEultEn/adj.熔化的 micromotor n.微電機 droplet /5drCplit/n.小滴 nanotube n.奈米管 roycvnoconan n.奈米傳送帶 nanotechnology n.奈米技術 bump /bQmp/v.碰撞 mimic / 5mimik/n.模仿 sop /sCp/v.吸入 stroke /strEuk/n.行程，沖積 microwatt /5maikrEuwCt/n.微瓦 nanomotor n.奈米發動機nanomachine n.奈米機器 註釋:
1. ever:比以往任何時候，曾經。如 : This is the best book I have ever read.這是我讀過的書中昀好的一本。
2. power stroke：動力行程
3. at small scales：在小等級上。這裡指的是“在奈米等級上”。
4. it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor：與電動機的小等級相比，功率是相當可觀了。 in relation to是“與……相比”。如 : The city is quite large in relation to its population. 就人口而言，這個城市相當的大。
5. setup：裝置。這裡指， nanomotor
6. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine：如果奈米電動機能按比例放大到汽車發動機的.尺寸。 Scale … up to是“把……按比例放大到……”。
7. across：從一端到另一端練習:
1. Paragraph 2 A An Introduction of a Toyota’s 225 Horsepower V6 Engine
2. Paragraph 4 B C A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size Surface Tension
3. Paragraph 5 D Previous Inventions of Nanoscale Products
4. Paragraph 6 E F The Working Principle of the Nanomotor Possible Fields of Application in the Future
5. Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to .
6. Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to .
7. Nanoconveyors could be used to .
8. Applying a small electric current causes atoms to .
A remove disease
B resist separating
C shuffle between two molten metal droplets
D power nanornachines
E sop up molecules from the large droplet
F transport nanoscale objects
答案與題解：
1. E第二段介紹了納米發動機的工作原理。兩小滴金屬熔液通上微弱電流，大的小滴的原子就會緩慢逸出，加入小的小滴，後者體積不斷地大，到一定階段，就會與前者碰撞，這時，大的小滴便奪回它失去的原子，這就是一次 power stroke (動力行程，動力衝程 )，此時就會產生髮動飢的動力。原子如此來來去去運動，就像發動機活塞一樣。這就是奈米發動機的工作原理。所以， E是答案。
2. B 第四段描述了納米發動機的功率 ( 20微瓦)和體積 ( 200奈米)。選項 B用“A description of the nanomotor in terms of power and size”概括本段大意，很準確，所以， B是答案。
3. D 第五段介紹了發明奈米發動機之前的一些奈米等級的機械產品，如體積大一些的奈米發動機，微型發動機，奈米傳送帶，奈米機器等。選項 D概括了本段的大意，所以是答案。
4. F 第六段預想了奈米發動機的用途，如用於光電路以改變光的方向 (redirect light)和驅動奈米機器進入人體，消滅病灶。選項 F是答案，因為“ Possible fields of application in the future”概括了本段的大意。
5.A 答案是 A。題幹出現 doctors envision，選項的內容應與醫學有關，選項 A是 remove disease，正好與題乾的內容相配，是答案。短文第一段和昀後一段也提到奈米發動機進入人體消滅病灶的可能性，證明了選 A是正確的。
6. B 選 B的依據是第三段第一句“ surface tension — the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating — becomes more important at small scales”。
7. F 題乾的 nanoconveyor提示我們，奈米傳送帶的功能自然是傳送奈米等級的物體，所以， F是答案。
8. C 題乾的 Applying a small electric current …在第二段能找到，該段講的是奈米發動機的工作原理。如果瞭解原子在兩小滴金屬熔液中來回運動，產生動力，就會知道 C是答案。
