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Eye Problems
1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts ( 白內障).
2 The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外線)are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye.
Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision andeventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.
3 “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s," says Dr. M/re/lle Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.
4 It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.
5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.
6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (電磁場) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which results from staring at a screen.
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 5 __________
26. Paragraph 6 __________
A. The development of poor night vision
B. The greatest threat to the eyes
C. The function of sunglasses
D. The reason for children's nearsightedness
E. The effects of computer on the eyes
F. The ways to reduce eve comolaints
27. Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of__________.
28. We can wear anti-UV glasses to protect ___________.
29. We used to believe that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from __________.
30. Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to __________.
A. our parents
B. clouded vision
C. eye muscles
D. our eyes
E. computer use
F. eye move
答案與解析
23.B。第二段的主題句為第一句，即臭氧層的稀薄意味著更多的紫外線到達地球，而這些紫外線是視線模糊的最大危險因素，所以選項B(眼鏡的最大威脅)為正確答案。
24.F。第三段沒有明顯主題句，該段主要講40歲以上的人群中很多都有小的眼睛問題，往往是因為用眼過度造成的，因而要學會鍛鍊眼部肌肉並使其得到休息，所以選項F(減少眼病的方法)為正確答案。
25.D。第五段沒有明顯的主題句，該段講到美國和歐洲有80%的孩子都患有近視眼，而長期盯著平面的東西是主要原因，所以選項D(孩子患近視眼的原因)為正確答案。
26.E。第六段的主題句為第一句，即“在地表之下有很大的天然氣儲存”，所以選項E(電腦對眼鏡的影響)為正確答案。
27.B。題幹：夏天的`陽光被認為是__________的原因。利用題幹關鍵詞sunlight in summer可以定位到第一段“Sunlight，especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts”。由此可知，夏天的陽光容易引起白內障，再定位cataracts可以定位到第二段“…the comea causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts”，由此可知選項B(模糊的視覺)為正確答案。
28.D。題幹：我們可以戴防紫外線的太陽鏡來保護__________。利用題幹關鍵詞可以定位到第二段“The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV ver,OUr eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses”，意為“紫外線可以通過防紫外線的眼鏡得到防禦。但是，我們的眼睛並未從那些時尚的太陽鏡得到充分的保護”，所以選項D(我們的眼睛)為正確答案。
29.A。題幹：我們過去常常認為近視眼或遠視眼是遺傳於__________。利用題幹關鍵詞near-or far-eyesight和inherit可以定位第四段“It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents”，意為“傳統上認為近視或者遠視是從父母那裡遺傳來的”，所有選項A(我們的父母)為正確答案。
30.E。題幹：超過25%的人有夜晚視覺的問題，因為__________。利用題幹關鍵詞23%可以定位到最後一段“Problems with night vision，which affect around 25 percent of people,are also on the increase because of computer use”，意為“夜晚視覺的問題，影響了約25%的人群，因為電腦的使用數量還在增加”，所以選項E(電腦的使用)為正確答案。
