提高英語閱讀理解能力需要經過長期的訓練，下面本站小編給大家準備了一篇閱讀理解專項訓練題及詳細解析，來閱讀練習一下吧!
>>>>>>閱讀練習<<<<<<
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀學語), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
>>>>>>習題<<<<<<
1. The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was ________.
[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
2. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[B] they are exposed to too much language at once
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
3. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ________.
[A] he is born with the capacity to speak
[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
[C] he can produce his own sentences
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
4. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
[C] The child’s brain is highly selective.
[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ________.
[A] have a high IQ
[B] be less intelligent
[C] be insensitive to verbal signals
[D] not necessarily be backward
>>>>>>全文翻譯<<<<<<
語言是否如同食物這種人們的基本需求一樣，沒有了它，在關鍵期的兒童會餓死和受到損害?從十三世紀弗雷德裡克一世的極端實驗來看，語言可能會是這樣。弗雷德裡克一世期望發現如果沒有母語，兒童將說什麼語言，他叫護士保持沉默。
所有的嬰兒在第一年就夭折了。但是，顯然這不僅僅是缺少語言的問題。真正缺乏的是良好的哺育。沒有良好的哺育，尤其是在生命的第一年，人的生存能力會受到嚴重的影響。
當今不會再存在如同弗雷德裡克那樣欠缺的安排了。然而，一些兒童仍然在說話方面滯後。通常是母親對嬰兒發出的訊號不敏感，而嬰兒的大腦已經對快速學習語言做好了安排。如果這些敏感的階段被忽略的話，那麼學習技能的最佳時間將被錯過，同時人可能再也不會那麼容易地學習這些技能了。小鳥在合適的時候能夠很快地學會唱歌和飛翔，但一旦關鍵期錯過了，那麼學起來就會既慢又難。
專家指出人按照固定的順序並在一定的年齡進入說話階段，但也有開始說話晚，最後成為高智商者的例子。十二週的時候，嬰兒會笑並且發出類似母音的聲音;在十二個月的時候，他會說簡單的單詞並且聽懂簡單的指令;在十八個月的.時候他有三到五十個詞彙量。在三歲的時候，他知道大約一千個能夠用來造句的單詞，到了四歲的時候，他的語言在風格而不是語法方面與他父母的語言迥異。
最近的研究結果表明，嬰兒生來就有說話的能力。與猴子大腦相比，嬰兒大腦之所以特殊在於其複雜的系統能使兒童把對玩具熊這樣具體事物的視覺及感覺與“玩具熊”這個詞語的聲音模式連線起來。更讓人難以置信的是這個小腦袋從周圍混雜的聲音裡挑選出語言的順序，對其對進行分析，再以新的方式對語言的各部分進行組合、再組合的能力。
但是說話需要引導，這依賴於兒童與母親的交流，在此過程中，母親識別兒童咿呀學語，抓東西和微笑等的訊號並對這些訊號做出反應。母親對這些訊號的不敏感性會削弱交流，因為兒童受挫，同時他們僅僅會發出明顯的訊號。對兒童非語言訊號的敏感對語言的產生和發展是必要的。
>>>>>>重點句<<<<<<
But clearly there was more than lack of language here.
該句語法：
“more than”可翻譯為“多於……”，所以漢語一般翻譯成為“不僅”。所以該句中是“不僅僅缺乏……”的含義。
>>>>>>習題答案<<<<<<
purpose of FrederickⅠ’s experiment was__
erick Ⅰ實驗的目的是______。
[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[A] 證明孩子生來就具有說話的能力
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
[B] 發現孩子在沒有聽見人類語言的情況下會說哪種語言
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[C] 研究細心護理在教孩子說話中起什麼作用
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
[D] 證明在沒有學習語言的情況下，孩子會受到傷害
reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that__
2.一些孩子在說話上遲鈍的主要原因是____。
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[A]他們不能迅速學會語言
[B] they are exposed to too much language at once
[B]他們同時置身於太多的語言之中
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
[C]母親對孩子要說話的慾望迴應不足
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
[D]他們的媽媽智力不夠，幫不了他們
3. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that
3. 兒童最不可思議的方面是__________。
[A] he is born with the capacity to speak
[A]他生來就具有說話的能力
[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
[B]與動物相比，他的大腦更復雜
[C] he can produce his own sentences
[C]他能創造自己的句子
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
[D]他的說話能力歸功於好的照顧
4. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
4. 哪個選項不能從短文中推論出來?
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
[A]人生來具有說話能力
[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
[B]鼓勵在孩子學語言的過程中根本不起什麼作用
[C] The child’ s brain is highly selective.
[C]兒童的大腦具有高度選擇性
[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.
[D]絕大多數孩子在確定的階段學習語言
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will
5.如果一個孩子開始說話比其他孩子晚，他將來會_______。
[A] have a high IQ
[A] 具有高智商
[B] be less intelligent
[B] 智商低
[C] be insensitive to verbal signals
[C] 對語言訊號不敏感
[D] not necessarily be backward
[D] 不一定低智商
