同義置換，即平行短語，是活躍在雅思聽力各大題型中的核心考點。雖說不少烤鴨一致認為聽力部分在雅思考試中是比較容易搞定的，但還是有不少考生抱怨，聽力題想得高分也絕非易事。下面，yjbys網小編將就同義置換現象給廣大考生具體舉例分析。
一、同義詞、近義詞
最常見的同義置換，通常出現在Section 2,3中，填空題選擇題皆有可能出現。
請看以下兩個例子：
1)劍四Test 2 Section 2 Question 13:
International students may find stress difficult to handle because
A. they lack support from family and friends
B. they don’t have time to make new friends
C. they find it difficult to socialize
聽力原文：stress → anxiety, handle → cope with
A: lack →without
2)劍五Test 2 Section 4 Question 31:
More than _____ times as big as the UK.
聽力原文：more than → over, as big as the UK → the size of the UK
3)E.g. However, women are more prepared to ______ about them.
聽力原文：more prepared to → more willing to
由此可見，雅思聽力題目的同義詞置換頻度還是比較高的，雖然沒有直接考查考生的詞彙量，但能夠間接地考察考生對關鍵詞靈活處理的能力。以下還有一些高頻同義詞和近義詞，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家希望考生們能夠在此基礎上自行總結出真題裡的.同義置換詞，切實抓住詞的內在含義而非詞的形式和表達方式，以不變應萬變。
grow → increase, expand, rise, improve, soar, climb, extend, rocket
contribute to → cause, trigger, lead to, result in, account for, give rise to, etc.
significant → crucial, enormous, dramatic, tremendous, remarkable, substantial, etc.
like → resemble, alike, identical, twin, similar
depend on → rely upon(on), count on, lean on, reckon on, rest on, etc.
large → big, considerable, enormous, gigantic, substantial, vast, massive, numerous, tremendous
before → prior to, earlier than, ahead of, previously, formerly, used to, etc.
disadvantage → drawback, minus, downside, deficiency, problem, flaw, weakness, weak point
二、詞性轉換
一般情況下詞性轉換就是形容詞，動詞，名詞，副詞之間的相互轉換。請看以下例子：
劍四 Test 3
23. In the seminar the work on writing aims to improve
A. confidence
B. speed
C. clarity
聽力原文：techniques to write clearly. Clearly → clarity的paraphrase.
(副詞與名詞間替換)
類似的例子有很多，真題裡隨處可見。以下是經常發生同義置換的詞：
clear—clarity
wide—width
Europe—European
satisfy—satisfactory/satisfaction
photocopier—photocopying facilities
available—availability
assess—assessment
unemployment—unemployed
anxious—anxiety
三、邏輯和句式轉化
此類同義轉化經常出現在Section 3,4中。試卷上的表達方式和聽到的內容差異較大，也是廣大考生跟不上節奏的重要原因。試想，如果沒有提前讀試題(這個現象非常普遍)，在錄音開始時才開始瀏覽，此時考生還要聽錄音，卷面上的用詞面目全非，那麼對於基礎一般、反應較慢的考生來說正確率可想而知。所以熟悉邏輯轉化和句式變化在此就顯得尤為重要了。請看以下幾個例子：
1)聽力原文：Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile...
題幹：For example, potential______ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident.
2)題幹：When investing in stocks and shares, it is suggested that women should put a high proportions of their savings in ______.
聽力原文：a high proportions of 在此被替換成了70%.
3)題幹：At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here.
聽力原文：The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by ______.
注意：此句中出現了主被動句的互換。也就是說，卷面上出現了被動語態，考生一定要留心主動語態的出現，也就意味著賓語與主語可能位置倒置。一定要留心一開頭出現的主語。反之若題幹是主動語態，則應積極聯想被動形式。
4)劍五 Test 4
25. What does Karin think the company will do?
A. look for private investors
B. accept a takeover offer
C. issue some new shares
選項B→ they have the choice of accepting the very favorable terms that another company…have given them to buy them out.
選項C→ Or they could decide on a bolder move and offer some new shares if they wanted.
√選項A→ they will start trying to find individuals who’d be prepared to back them with some of the capital they need.
5)劍五 Test 4
26. How does the tutor suggest the company can recover?
A. by appointing a new managing director
B. by changing the way it is organized
C. by closing some of its retail outlets
選項A→ Sometimes there is a simple fix such as changing the guy at the top.
選項C→ I suspect they will seek to shut down some of their shops.
√選項B→ …would be to alter how they’re running things-the management layers and processes.
通過一定的練習，掌握前兩個方面還是比較容易的，可以在考前的真題練習中不斷總結和記憶。而對於第三個方面，則是出題人全面考察考生的英文技能水平，考生需要通過一個比較長的週期來訓練。請廣大考生記住一點，那就是：paraphrase始終是貫穿雅思聽力的核心技能，要想在聽力考試中取得理想的成績，這是至關重要的必訓練專案，望廣大考生引起注意。
