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Chokwe Selassie is on a mission to help drivers avoid potholes(路面坑窪) eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his mission on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole in the middle of the street in their hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. "I decided I was going to do something about the pothole problem in my city," Chokwe says. His solution: an app that warns drivers when there is a pothole ahead.
Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks. "When the app detects a pothole, it is highlighted(突出顯示)in red," Chokwe says. "And if you get close to the pothole, your phone will warn you." Drivers can also use the app to report any potholes they encounter, and to look for other routes they can take to avoid roads that have them.
The app relies on current available information about the streets of Jackson. "It works by using the city's 311 call system, soit uses information already stored in a database," Chokwe says. (79) Throughthe call system, citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non-emergency problems—which include potholes. Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test th prototype(原型).
(80) Although the app isn't yet available for sale,Chokwe is already looking for ways to improve it. The prototype remains limited to 10 streets in Jackson, but he hopes to add more, so that it includes every street in the city. And then he wants to go even farther. “I want to keep working on the app until it's nationwide,” Chokwe says.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Solution to Traffic Jams
B. An App to Detect Potholes
C. Pothole Problems in Big Cities
D. Poor Road Conditions
答案解析：
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(下面哪個選項是文章最合適的標題?)
答案為B(an APP to detect potholes(檢測路面有坑窪的APP))
答題思路：利用文章主題詞直接判斷答案。文章中有明顯文章主題詞：
APP(該詞貫穿整篇文章出現)
2. The phrase kick off inParagraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.
A. leave B. invent C. begin D. shift
答案解析：
The phrase kick off in paragraph1is closest in meaning to ___.(第一段中的短語kick off在意義上與哪個選項的意義最接近?)
答案為：C(開始)
文章中的相關句：Chokwe Selassie is on a mission to help drivers avoid potholes. The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his mission on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. (Chokwe Selassie正在完成一項幫助司機們避開路面坑窪的任務(介詞on 在句中的意義為“正從事…(活動)”)。前不久的一個早晨他媽媽駕車送他去學校時，這個正在上八年紀的學生被(他媽媽)鼓勵去…他的這個任務“，四個選項的意義分別為”離開，發明，開始，轉變“，顯然，”開始“在句中的意義最合適，所以答案為”開始“。
3. People use the 311 call system to report____.
A. emergencies B. terrorist attacks
C. non-emergencies D. child abuse
答案解析：
People use the 311 call system to report ___.(人們使用311電話系統來報告…。)
答案為C(非緊急情況)
文章中的相關句：Through the call system, citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non-emergency problems – which include potholes. (通過這個電話系統，人們撥打311來報告非緊急問題—其中包括路面坑窪的問題))。
4. The prototype focuses on____streets in Jackson.
A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25
答案解析：
答案為A(10)
文章中的相關句：Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test the prototype. (Chokwe和他的朋友們決定關注Jackson地區10條最繁忙的街道將會給他們足夠多的樣本來對第一版APP進行測試)。
5. According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Chokwe developed the app all by himself.
B. People can buy this app from the online store.
C. His mother's car was once damaged over a pothole.
D. The app works by using thecity's 911 call system.
答案解析：
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?(依據文章內容來看，下面哪個選項陳述的意義正確?)
答案為C(他的媽媽的汽車曾經被路面坑窪損壞過)。
分析：其他選項均與文章內容不符合：Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test th prototype.(Chokwe和他的朋友們決定關注Jackson地區10條最繁忙的街道將會給他們足夠多的樣本來對第一版APP進行測試)。依據該句可以推斷出：APP應該是Chokwe和他的朋友們共同研發的，因此A(APP完全是由Chokwe研發的)不正確;原文說“the app is not yet available for sale，…(這種app還沒有上市銷售)”，因此選項B(人們可以從網上商店上購買這個app)不正確;文章說“it works by using the city's 311 call system，…。(它(app)通過使用這個城市的311電話系統來工作)”，由此可知選項D(app通過使用這個城市的911電話系統來工作)與文章內容不符合，因此也不正確。
It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made in trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross's campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her."
The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines." And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.
But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as "very ill-informed" and a "loose cannon(亂放炮的人)".
The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: "This is a distraction(干擾)we do not need. All I'm trying to do is help."
Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess's trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government's policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.
To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind, claimed that the Princess's views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was "working towards" a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding."
For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get close to people and their problems.
6. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 ____.
A) to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
B) to clarify the British government's stand on landmines
C) to investigate the suffering of landmine victims there
D) to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
答案：A 本題考點出自第1自然段。“ in trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross‘s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines.”也就是說，Diana王妃訪問Angola的.目的是為了表達她支援完全禁止地雷。
7. What did Diana mean when she said "… putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me." (Line, Para 1)?
A) She just couldn't bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
B) The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
C) Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
D) Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.
答案：D 本題考點出自第1自然段。“ when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her. 就像當我見到一個斷了腿的13歲的小女孩時，其他的難民也和她一樣。”暗示了“Diana王妃看到的難民的悲痛場面使她意識到情況的嚴重。”
8. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ____.
A) she was ill-informed of the government's policy
B) they were actually opposed to banning landmines
C) she had not consulted the government before the visit.
D) they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
答案：B 本題考點出自第3自然段。“her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Diana王妃的觀點沒有得到某些英國政府成員的支援，而這些成員的觀點是贊同地雷作為武器。”
9. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A) She paid no attention to them.
B) She made more appearances on TV.
C) She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
D) She rose to argue with her opponents.
答案：A 本題考點出自第4自然段。"The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms…"其中，"brushing aside"的意思是“不屑一顧”，也就是"pay no attention to"。
10. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A) It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B) It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
C) It had greatly promoted her popularity.
D) It had affected her relations with the British government
答案：B 本題考點出自第7自然段。“She said that the experience had also given her th chance to get close to people and their problems. Diana王妃說這次經歷同樣是給了她機會去關心難民以及瞭解他們的困難。”也就是說，Diana王妃認為自己對Angola的訪問讓她與人民群眾的心更加靠近了。
