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閱讀文章的結構
瞭解文章的結構，能夠讓我們在閱讀時更迅速地把握文章的脈絡和文章主旨，對於提高做題效率更有重要意義。 文章的結構模式大體上分為四類。這四類文章在一篇文章中並不是獨立存在的，有時往往是幾種段落結構模式交織在一起。
總分型 這類文章遵循從觀點到材料，從抽象到具體的邏輯法則，其基本框架是先總論後分論，中心論點出現在分論之前。
問題解決型 首先說明情況和背景，然後提出問題，接著作出反應，也就是解決問題，當然問題也可能沒有解決或沒有完全解決，最後給予適當的評價或者分析。總體佈局上有時會捨去背景部分或評價部分。
匹配型 段落的發展主線為兩種事物之間的類比：兩種論點概論----一種論點----另一種論點;或者是現象----一種事物----另一種事物----得出結論。作者一般不發表態度和結論。
假設真實型 文章結構模式是：假設觀點----進行反駁----作者觀點。作者往往在文中開頭即提出一種觀點或主張，然後從贊同與反對兩個方面進行反駁或澄清，經過論證之後才提出作者本人的觀點。
Passage 6
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."
The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poorpaying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a __7__ writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test--even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.
A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt
E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects
I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded
M) alone N)wealth O)cold
參考答案及解析:
1.選K)。 此處應填動詞的原形。可選項有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓勵那些想要成為作家的人，而不是懷疑也不是說服，故排除doubt和persuade而選encourage。
2.選N)。由空格後的fame可知，此處應填名詞。可選項有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 與第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想當作家的人夢想的是金錢和名譽，而不是前途，故排除prospects而選wealth。
3.選E)。此處應填形容詞，private, poor-paying一起修飾affair。選項中有lonely和alone,能修飾affair的只有lonely,alone表示“孤獨的”時，通常作表語，故排除alone而選lonely。
4.選C)。此處應填動詞的被動形式。可選項有rewarded和awarded,前者可表示“(為所希望的舉動得到的)回報”，後者作動詞時表示“頒發，授予”，故只有rewarded符合題意而排除awarded。
5.選H)。此處應填名詞。“當我辭別了我在美國海岸警衛隊20年工作成為一個自由撰稿人時，沒有任何......可言”，可選項有prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意義上的“金錢”，因此排除wealth而選prospects“前途”。
6.選O)。it指代的是apartment building，從had no bathroom可知這個公寓條件很差，選項中只有cold能說明公寓的條件差，故選擇O)cold。
7.選B)。“我馬上買了一臺舊的.手動打字機，感覺自己就好像是一個......的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此處作者是想成為一個真正的作家，故選項中只有genuine“真正的”符合題意。
8.選D)。由空格前的to可知，此處應填動詞的原形。可選項有doubt,persuade,encourage,但由still hadn’t gotten a break"在寫作上還沒有任何進展”，所以此處應理解為他開始懷疑自己的選擇是否正確，故doubt符合文意。
9.選A)。that從句結構完整，後面有made，故此處應填副詞。可選項有barely和impossibly，因that引導的從句是對story的解釋，再由hard一詞可推知，此處應填的副詞應表達肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而選barely“僅僅，剛剛”。
10.選I)。由空格後的and可知，此處應填名詞。由fear of failure可知，所填詞應表示不好的境遇，可選項有poverty和uncertainty;又由fear可推知，此處強調的是生活的變化無常，而不是生活的貧困，故選uncertainty。
導讀：
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always K)encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of N)wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter.(these individuals指代的是Many a young people。) "You’ve got to want to write,"I say to them, "not want to be a writer."
The reality is that writing is a E)lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never C)rewarded.(kissed by fortune意為“受到命運之神的親睞”，由此可推出第4題應填的詞。) When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no H)prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. (What I did... my room in...。這是一個複合句，What引導的是主語從句，who引導的定語從句修飾a friend,由此可看出，作者剛開始從事寫作時的艱難。)It didn’t even matter that it was O)cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a B)genuine writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to D)doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that A)barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with I)uncertainty and fear of failture.(put... to the test意為“使.....經受考驗”，此處表明了作者態度，即要成為作家必須忍受很多困難。)This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.
全文翻譯：
很多年輕人對我說他們想當作家。我總是鼓勵這樣的青年，但同時我也向他們說明“當作家”和寫作的區別是很大的。在很多情況下，
那些想當作家的人嚮往的是金錢和名譽，而不是獨自守著打字機的漫長日子。我對他們說，“你必須是想寫，而不應是想當作家。”
事實上，寫作是一件令人寂寞，孤獨而且報酬又不高的事情。在每一個受到命運之神青睞的作家背後，還有成百上千的不走運的作家，
這些人的渴望從沒有得到過回報。當我辭別了我在美國海岸警衛隊20年工作成為一個自由撰稿人時，沒有任何前途可言。我只有一個朋友，
他在紐約的一幢公寓裡給我找了一個房間。儘管房間很冷而且連洗漱間也沒有，不過這都沒關係。我馬上買了一臺舊的手動打字機，感覺自
己就好像是一個真正的作家了。
然而，大約一年後，我仍然沒有任何進展並開始懷疑自己。要賣出一篇暫且可以餬口的作品是如此之難。但我知道我有寫作的慾望。這是
我多年以來的夢想。我不會像有些人那樣，在臨終前還在想，當初如果不放棄該多好啊!我會繼續接受考驗，即使這意味著變化無常的生活
和對失敗的擔心。這其實也是夢想實現以前的一種虛幻的境界，每一個有夢想的人都應該學會在這種境遇中生活。
