引導語：英語四級選詞填空練習及參考譯文，由應屆畢業生培訓網整理而成，謝謝您的閱讀，祝您閱讀愉快。
練習題一
Section A
Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefoilowingpassage
The social network will let users“mute”messages from other users on their timelines without the muted person’s knowledge，thereby avoiding the(36)__________
process of having to unfollow(取消關注)，or put up with，your(37)__________talkative IRL ter rolled out new(38)__________to let users better manage the deluge(氾濫)of tweets they receive.
Users can now“mute”people they follow,removing those people’s tweets and retweets from their own muted person won’t know that he or she has been(39)__________’s a stealthy way to read less content from certain users without having to unfollow them.A person can easily be muted or(40)__________at
any time，Twitter said in a blog post.
“Mute gives you even more(41)__________over the content you see on Twitter by letting you remove a user’s content from key parts of your Twitter experience，”the company said.
Though Twitter had been experimenting with the feature in recent weeks，it announced that muting will be(42)__________to all users of the company’s iOS and Android apps，as well as the other Twitter applications，like TweetDeck，already allowed muting.
The feature is part of Twitter’s(43)__________strategy to make its service more accessible to a wider range of owing a successful initial public offerin9，Twitter’s stock has tumbled in recent months as investors worry about the social network’s(44)__________to attract new Dick Costolo(45)__________that Twitter would make changes to its interface this year to make it easier to understand and company overhauled(徹底檢修)user profile pages in April as part of this effort.
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社交網站能讓使用者在他們的視窗中“靜音(屏弊)”來自其他使用者的訊息，而不讓他們知道，從而避免取消關注的(36)尷尬，或者是容忍你在現實生活中(37)極愛說話的朋友。
推特推出了新的(38)功能，以讓使用者能更好地處理他們收到的洪水般氾濫的資訊。
使用者現在可以使那些他們關注的人“靜音”，從他們自己的視窗上刪除這些人的微博及轉發。那些被禁言的人們不會知道他(她)已(39)被靜音。這是一種隱祕的方法，可以在不讓某些使用者知道的情況下少看一些來自他們的內容。推特在一篇部落格文章中說道，一個人可以很輕易地隨時被靜音或者是(40)被取消靜音。
該公司指出：“靜音讓你能夠將某個使用者的內容從你推特體驗的關鍵部分刪掉，從而使你可以更好地(41)掌控你在推特上看到的內容。”
雖然推特在最近幾個星期裡一直在對這項功能進行試驗，該公司宣佈靜音這項功能將會(42)適用於該公司iOS系統和安卓系統的所有使用者，以及網站。像TweetDeck這樣的其他一些推特應用程式已經擁有了靜音這項功能。
這項功能是推特公司為了使它的服務可以適用於更廣大的人群推出的(43)總戰略中的一部分。在首次公開發行成功之後，在最近幾個月裡推特公司股票大跌，原因是投資商對該社交網路吸納新使用者的(44)能力產生了懷疑。公司的CE0迪克•科斯特羅(45)鄭重宣佈，今年推特會針對其介面作出變動，以使其更易理解和操作。作為該努力中的一部分，公司在四月份對使用者資訊頁面進行了徹底的改動。
練習題二
Section A
Directions：In this section,there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding lette for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that’s a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies.(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(葉瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around.)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have fQund that the Pacific Ocean’s decreasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，in other words-is dissolving cina’s thin shells.
The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern CaliforniA.，going over each with a scanning electron than half of the shells(53%)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of“severe dissolution damage，”while 24%of(41)
__________ individuals suffered dissolution study’s(42)__________ investigator,Bednarsek of NOAA，described the affected cina shells as having a texture not unlike“cauliflower”or“sandpaper.”
According to the paper，there was a“strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and“the percentage of undersaturated(未達到飽和的)water”near the ocean’s researchers conclude“shell dissolution owing to(ed ocean(44)_________has doubled in near shore habitats since strial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”a truly(45)__________ over,the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear,as damaged shells make it harder for cina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators.
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氣候變化已公佈了其最新的受害者：鯱螺(學名Limacina helicina)，一種捕食性浮游海螺，被(36)普遍稱為海蝴蝶分類組中的一員(“海蝴蝶”之名(37)來源於微小生物用來遊走的翼狀葉瓣)。在 (38)最近《皇家學會學報B》刊載的一項研究報告中，來自美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA)及俄勒岡州立大學的科學家們指出：太平洋的PH正在不斷下降一換句話說，海水的酸化正在溶解鯱螺的薄殼。
研究人員收集了太平洋沿岸(從華盛頓到南加州之間)13個地點的海蝴蝶(39)樣本，並用掃描電子顯微鏡對其一一進行深入檢查。來自海岸的個體樣本中有一半以上(53%)的貝殼都(40)呈現出“嚴重溶解”的跡象，而在來自(41)海面上的個體樣本中僅有24%的貝殼受到溶解破壞。該研究的(42)首席研究員，來自NOAA的Nina Bednarsek指出那些受到影響的鯱螺的貝殼都擁有“菜花”狀或者“砂紙”狀的紋理。
據該研究報道，嚴重損傷的貝殼數量與海洋表面附近 “欠飽合海水”百分率之間呈現出“強烈的正(43)相關”。研究人員推斷出，“自該區域工業化時代以前的海洋條件算起，近海棲息地(由於人為導致的海洋 (44)酸化)引起的貝殼溶解已經翻了一倍，到2050年可能會增至三倍，這真是個(45)糟糕的預言。此外，這對生態系統的更廣泛影響並不明確，因為受傷的外殼會讓鯱螺更難以抵禦感染、保持浮力及逃脫捕食者的獵殺。
練習題三
Section A
Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 t0 45 are based on thefollowingpassage.
Judges at last weekend’s Pizza World Championship held in Parma，Italy,(36)__________the world’s top marghefita pizza title to Australian chef Johnny Di Francesco，owner of the 400 Gradi restaurant in Brunswick，a Melbourne suburb.
Di Francesco，36，beat more than 600 competitors from 35 countries to take ,home the Specialita Traditionale Garantita pizza prize in the(37)__________competition.
The win and subsequent publicity has made the small restaurant he owns in his hornetown all(38)__________sensation(知名人物).
“It’s been all amazing reaction，”Di Francesco tells CNN.“Honestly,I just went to Naples to do what I love.I didn’t think it was going to make such a(39)__________.”
“A lot ofpeople think it is easy to(40)__________a margherita but it is one ofthe hardest(pizzas)to make，”Di Francesco told Australian website Good Food.
“With a lot of other pizzas it’s easy to mask the(41)__________with toppings(配料)so you don’t really get the flavor out of the a margherita there is no hiding anything that isn’t right.”
Competition rules are(42)__________0n what ingredients can top the dough(麵糰)on the margherita：only peeled tomatoes，certain types of mozzarella，garlic，olive oil，salt and fresh basil leaves are used.
Di Francesco，who says he’s been making pizza(43)__________1 2 years old and studied pizza-making at the highly regarded Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana in Naples，Italy,calls himself a(44)__________when it comes to making pizza.
“It’s an honor to be part of what(Verace Pizza Napoletanaldoes，striving to(45)__________a traditionalway of making pizza the way they’ve done it in Naples for hundreds of years.”
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上週在義大利帕爾馬舉行的披薩世界冠軍比賽中，評委們將世界頂級瑪格麗特披薩冠軍(36)獎給了澳大利亞廚師約翰尼•迪•弗朗西斯科，約翰尼•迪•弗朗西斯科是墨爾本近郊不倫瑞克省400梯度餐廳的主人。
36歲的迪•弗朗西斯科在(37)生度比賽中打敗了來自35個國家的600多個對手贏得了傳統特色代表披薩獎。
這次的勝利以及隨後的宣傳使得他在家鄉擁有的小餐廳(38)一夜成名。
“這是個驚人的反響，”迪•弗朗西斯科對CNN說，“坦白說，.我只是去那不勒斯做了我喜歡做的事情而已。我並沒想到會造成這樣的(39)轟動。”
迪•弗朗西斯科告訴澳大利亞美食網(Good Food)：“很多人會認為(40)做一份瑪格麗特很容易，但是它是最難做的(披薩)之一。”
“其他披薩的(41)味道可以很容易地被配料掩蓋，所以你不能真正品出面團的味道。而瑪格麗特絕不會掩蓋任何不對的味道。”
比賽規則對瑪格麗特披薩麵糰上的用料要求(42)很嚴格：只有去皮番茄、某些型別的馬蘇裡拉乳酪、大蒜、橄欖油、鹽和新鮮的紫蘇葉才可以用。
迪•弗朗西斯科說他(43)從12歲起就開始做披薩並曾在義大利那不勒斯備受推崇的真正的披薩餅協會學習做披薩，說到做披薩，他自稱是一個(44)傳統豐義者。
“很榮幸能夠成為(真正的披薩餅協會的)一部分，並努力(45)堅持那不勒斯幾百年以來一直在用的做披薩的傳統方法。”
練習題四
Section A
Directions：In this section,there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letterv for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not ase any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the followingpassage.
The poll of 2,000 adults in England was(36)__________out as part of the government’s drive to curb people’s drinking habits.
The campaign also stresses that a heavy drinking session is often(37)__________by an unhealthy breakfast，which again helps to pile on the pounds.
The Know Your Limits campaign has in the past focused on other(38)__________0f drinking，such as di sease risk.
But to(39)__________with the focus on weight，the DepaIhiient of Health carried out research showing a regular beer drinker,who downed(喝)five pints a week or 250 over the(40)__________of a year,packed away the same number of calories as someone eating 22 1 doughnuts over the space of 12 months.
It also revealed the average wine drinker consumed 2,000 calories each the course of a year,that is the(41)__________ofeating all extra 38 roast beefdinners.
Health minister Phil Hope said，“Regularly drinking more than our(42)__________daily limits can have a knock-on effect on our health，including an expanding waistline.
“It’s not only the calories in the drinks themselves that can help to pile on the pounds，we’re also more(43)__________to eat fatty foods when we’ve had one too many.”
Heather Caswell，of the British Nutrition Foundation，added，“Most people would baulk(猶豫)at consuming a full glass of single cream，but wouldn’t minl(44)__________about a couple ofpints.”
“But the calorie content is similar and，over time，excess alcohol intake is likely to lead to weight gain.”
And a spokesman for the Drinkaware Trust added：“It’s(45)__________we are in the know when it comes to what we are drinking.”
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英格蘭(36)開展了2000位成人的投票活動，以幫助政府努力控制人們的飲酒習慣。
這項活動同時也指出，不健康的早餐總是(37)緊隨酗酒之後，這反而更加會讓人長胖。
這次“瞭解自己的極限”的活動過去的重點是喝酒帶來的如患疾病風險這類的其他(38)後果。
但是為了(39)配合民眾對體重的關注，衛生署進行了研究，表明每週喝5品脫或者是在一年(40)中喝250品脫的普通啤酒飲用者，吸收的卡路里和一個在12個月內吃了221個甜甜圈的人一樣多。
研究還指出，普通的葡萄酒飲用者一個月吸收2000卡路里。在一年中所吸收的熱量(41)相當於吃38頓額外的烤牛肉。
衛生部長菲力•侯樸說：“經常每天喝酒超過我們(42)推薦的限制會對我們的健康產生連鎖打擊，包括腰圍增加。”
“不僅僅是酒本身中的卡路里能讓我們發胖，當我們一種東西吃得太多時，我們更(43)有可能吃高脂肪食品。”
希瑟•卡斯韋爾補充說：“大多數人會在一大杯稀奶油麵前踟躕不前，但是面對幾杯酒卻從不會(44)猶豫。”
“但是卡路里的成份是相似的，而且隨著時間的推移，過量飲酒更有可能導致體重增加。”
Dfinkaware信託公司的一個發言人也指出：“我們(45)必須要知道我們喝酒時都喝了些什麼。”
練習題五
Section A
Directions：In this section。thereis a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowingpassage.
“THINKING is hard，”(36)__________Daniel Dennet，a professor of philosophy at Tufts University.“Thinking about some problems is so hard that it can make your head ache just thinking about thinking about them.”He has spent hA.f a century pondering some of the knottiest problems around：the nature of meaning，the(37)__________of minds and whether freewill is latest book，Intuition Pumps(直覺泵)and Other Tools for Thinking，is a precis of those 50 years，distilled into 77(38)__________ and mostly bite-sized chapters.
“Intuiuon pumps”are what Mr Dennet calls thought experiments that aim to get at the rub of the aim of this book is not(39)__________to show how the pumps work,but to(40)__________them to help readers think through some of the most profound conundrums.
This pump which Mr Dennet calls a“cascade of homunculi(級聯侏儒)”，was(41)__________by the field of artificial Intelligence,An programmer begins by taking a problem a computer is meant to solve and breaking it down into smaller tasks，to be dealt with by particular(42)__________e，in turn，are(43)__________ of ystems，and so this way,we are in depth of thinking profound problems.
Of course，Mr Dennet’s book is not a(44)__________solution to such mind-benders;it is philosophy in all good philosophy,it works by getting the reader to examine deeply held but(45)__________ beliefs about some of our most fundamental concems，like personal is really not all easy read.
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塔夫斯大學的一名哲學教授丹尼爾•丹尼特(36)承認：“思考是困難的，某些問題的思考之難，幾乎到了只要一想這些問題就會頭疼的地步。在過去半個世紀裡，他一直在沉思那些最耐人尋味的問題：意義的本質，思想的(37)實質以及自由意志的可行性等。最近，他的力作《思考的工具：直覺泵及其他》新鮮出爐，由77篇既(38)有可讀性又短小精悍的'文章組成，是他五十多年來思考之濃縮，覃思之精華。
“直覺泵”是丹尼特用來稱呼思想實驗的術語。所謂思想實驗就是一種意在探究概念核心的實驗。本書的目的(39)不僅僅在於展示“直覺泵”的工作流程，更重要的是通過(40)運用“直覺泵”，幫助讀者去揣摩那些最值得考慮的難題。
丹內特把這種泵稱為“級聯侏儒”，其(41)靈感來自於人工智慧領域。當一名程式設計師接受了一項有待計算機解決的任務時，他首先會把這項任務分解為一些更小的任務，然後把這些任務交給一些特定的(42)子系統去解決，而這些子系統又是由更小的子子系統(43)組成的，以此類推。只有這樣，這些問題才能得以深思。
當然，丹內特的書並不是這些令人迷惑的問題的(44)終極答案。相反的，是對此類問題的終極思考。如同所有終極思考一樣，該書通過讓讀者對那些深藏於我們內心卻又(45)無法言說的信念進行檢討，從而達到自己的目的。它確實不是一本易讀懂的書。
練習題六
Section A
Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 t0 45 are based on thefoRowingpassage.
Electronic cigarettes will face new(36)__________in the US，the US Food and Drug Administra-tion(37)__________e will include curbs on sales to minors and distribution of fi'ee samples，as well as provisions forcing manufacturers to place warnings on packaging.
The long-awaited proposals—which also demand that the manufacturers should disclose all the ingredients in details and make claims of(38)__________risk only if scientifically validated--are less stringent(嚴厲的)than the Europe legislations voted on in February.(39)__________the proposed restrictions doing nothing to control advertising or curbing the sale offlavored products with names such as“Very Berrylicious”，(40)__________of e-cigarettes claim that they are more(41)__________and scientific than the EU rules.
“This is much less onerous than the European Tobacco Products directive，”says Gerry Stimson，a UKconsultant who supports“least harm"’solutions to health problems.“It is clear that the FDA process，(42)__________the EU，follows the science，but this is just a first step and the regulatory process could take years，duringwhich the products and the market will develop.”
The proposals will likely(43)__________further debate for and against e-cigarettes，which call resemble real cigarettes but contain no tobacco，only a vaporized form of pure nicotine that users breathe in and out.
Backers of e-cigarettes say they have great(44)__________to help hardened smokers quit or cut down，because unlike other nicotine replacement products，they closely(45)__________cigarettes，both in appearance and use.
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昨日，美國食品藥物監管局(37)宣佈，美國將針對電子煙問題擬定新的(36)制約條例。其中包括，向未成年人出售管制，免費樣品的分發，以及勒令製造商在外包裝卜講行健康提示的規定等等。
這些被期許已久的提議規定：製造商應該明確公開產品的生產成分，另外，只有被證明是科學合理的，廠商才可以對外宣稱產品是(38)降低風險的。即使如此，與今年二月在歐洲通過的有關律法而言，這些規定依然不夠嚴厲。(39)儘管這些制約條例對於廣告宣傳的控制以及風味品銷售的管制沒有效力，但是電子煙的(40)擁護者們還是聲稱它們比歐盟的那些規定更加(41)實用、科學。
聯合國顧問格里·斯廷森支援健康危害最小化的方案，他說：“這些新的限制遠比歐洲關於菸草產品的指令輕。明顯(42)與歐盟不同的是，美國食品藥物監管局是緊隨科學步伐的。然而，這邁出的只是第一步，整個監管程式是非常耗時的;但在這期間，產品和市場都會有所發展。
如此提議將會進一步(43)引發有關電子煙的爭論，它看起來像真正的香菸但不含菸草，吸菸者吸入或撥出的只是純尼古丁的氣化物。
電子煙的支持者認為，它們有幫助嗜煙者戒菸或減量的巨大(44)潛力，因為電子煙與其他的尼古丁替代品不同，雖然它們在外形和使用方面都更(45)像香菸。
練習題七
Section A
Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blankfrom a liSt of choices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowingpassage
One thing about Huawei is easy to understand：its(36)__________ Paris on May 7th the Chinese telecoms company showed off the Ascend P7，a sleek smart phone(37)__________with the speedy fourth-generation mobile-phone networks being built in many countries.
Huawei started pushing its own brand of smart phones only in 201 1，but by 2013 it was the world’s third-biggest vendor.(38)__________it is still far behind the leaders，Apple and Samsung：it hopes that phones likethe P7 will help it(39)__________the 2013 this part of its operations brought in about 70%of its revenue of 239 billion yuan.
Huawei’s(40)__________and management are less well American politicians and competitors regard the company as little better than a front for the Chinese state， partly because Ren Zhengfei，its chief(41)__________，was an engineer in the People’s Liberation Army before he founded Huawei in l network equipment has in effect been(42)__________out of the American ver,Huawei has denied being under the state’s thumb.
Unlike a and other Chinese technology companies that have sought stock market listings，Huawei has no such ei’s system，he believes，fosters a(43)__________view that will help it overtake listed does he think that going public would(44)__________Huawei’s difficulties in America.“It might take ten or 20 years for the United States to know that Huawei is a company with(45)__________，”he while，Huawei will put its energy into more welcoming markets.
tion
grity
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-term
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關於華為，有一點是顯而易見的：它是一家有(36)野心的企業。5月7日，華為旗艦機Ascend P7亮相巴黎，該智慧機(37)相容現已在多國建立通行的4G行動網路。
華為從2011年才開始力推其自己的手機品牌，但僅到2013年，它就成為了全球的第三大手機供應商;(38)雖然與其他手機行業的領軍產品蘋果和三星相比仍落後不少，但它希望通過P7這樣的旗艦機(39)縮小這個差距。2013年，華為的營業額約為2390億人民幣，其中電信業務佔70%。
然而，華為的(40)所有權和管理問題卻並不是那麼明瞭。一些美國政客和華為的競爭者認為華為幾乎就是中國政府從事間諜活動的掩體，他們會這麼想，部分原因在於華為的(41)總裁，於l987年創立華為的任正非之前曾是中國人民解放軍的一員。實際上，華為的網路裝置已被美國市場(42)拒之門外。但華為一直聲稱其從未受控於中國政府。
不像阿里巴巴和其他的中國科技公司，華為並沒有要上市的打算。他認為，華為的股權機制幫助其建立(43)長遠的運營目光，從而使其能夠戰勝那些上市的競爭對手。同樣地，他覺得上市並不能(44)緩解其在美國的窘境。他說：“也許需要10到20年的時間才能使美國明白華為是一家(45)正直清白的企業。”而在這之前，華為會在更加友好的市場上施展拳腳。
練習題八
Section A
Directions：In this e is a passage with ten are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the the passage through carefully before maMng your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowingpassage.
Public colleges must be stewards(管家)of tlle public’s trust and of students’and taxpayers’ should be(36)__________for containing costs and for spending on what matters most：prepanng students to be active learners，career-ready and engaged ic colleges are using myriad strategies to cut costs and keep college(37)__________e include(38)__________administrative expenses;eliminating low-enrollment programs and student support services;and achieving cost savings in energy management and employee health care.
Fast-rising tuition increases may make it seem that institutional spendiiIg is out of(39)__________ver,public colleges’collective(40)__________per studem has been flat in recent years.
The primary reason for escalating(逐步上升)tuition prices has been the state-to-student cost shift that has taken place in who pays for a public higher es have gradually(41)__________from their public higher education families picking up more of me tab through tuition itutions have first turned to reducing spending，only raising tuition prices to(42)__________academic quality.
The best way to mitigate future tuition increases is for state leaders to reinvest in public higher the Great Recession finally behind us—during which states dramatically reduced(43)__________for public colleges and universities— state leaders started reinvesting in public higher education this year,providing a nearly 6%increase in funding.
Maintaining(44)__________to afrordable public colleges is paramount to our nailon’s economic security, social equity and civic is(45)__________
upon state government，together with public colleges and universities，to ensure this happens.
A. raise
nvested
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ion
untable
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公立大學必須成為公眾信任的物件，擔任好學生和納稅人資金的管家。他們應該為成本控制和當務之急的花費(36)負起責任：而此當務之急就是使學生做好準備成為積極的學習者，事業心滿滿的忙碌公民。他們正在採取各種策略精簡開支，以確保其經費(37)擔負得起日常開銷。主要包括以下措施：(38)消減行政管理的開支，取消低入學率的專案和學生資助服務，節約能源管理和員工衛生保健的成本。
快速上漲的學費或許會讓人們覺得機構開支似乎已經不受(39)控制。然而近年來，公立大學中每一個全日制學生的集體(40)消費水平其實是偏低的。
逐步增加學費的主要原因在於，國家為學生預留的開支已經轉移到公共高等教育的陣營。現在，各州已經逐步從公共高等教育系統(41)減盜，在這一方面家庭也做出了不少貢獻。各機構也首次致力於減少開支，因為只有學費漲價才能(42)維持學術質量。
未來，緩和學費上漲的最佳途徑就是領導人重新對公共高等教育進行投資。大蕭條期間，各州為公立學院和大學提供的(43)資金明顯減少，而在徹底擺脫大蕭條後，今年國家領導人開始重新投資公共高等教育，增加了6%的資金投入。
(44)想方設法維持公立大學經費的正常運轉，對於國家的經濟安全、社會公正和民間活力都是至關重要的。政府和公立大學應該(45)義不容辭地確保這一切正常發生。
