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2016年上半年商務英語中級閱讀模擬及答案解析(1)
PlanningIn any planning system, from the simplest budgeting to the most complex corporate planning, there is an annual process. This is partly due to the fact that firms (19)r accounting on a yearly (20)......., but also because similar (21)....... often occur in the market.
Usually, the larger the firm, the longer the planning takes. But typically, planning for next year may start nine months or more in advance, with various stages of evaluation leading to (22)....... of the complete plan three months before the start of the year.
Planning continues, however, throughout the year, since managers (23) ....... progress against targets, while looking forward to the next year. What is happening now will (24)....... the objectives and plans for the future.
In today's business climate, as markets constantly change and become more difficult to (25)....... , some analysts believe that long-term planning is pointless. In some markets they may be right, as long as companies can build the sort of flexibility into their (26)h allows them to (27) any sudden changes.
Most firms, however, need to plan more than one year ahead in order to (28)r long-term goals. This may reflect the time it takes to commission and build a new production plant, or, in marketing (29)....... , it may be a question of how long it takes to research and launch a range of new products, and reach a certain (30)....... in the market. If, for example, it is going to take five years for a particular airline to become the (31)....... choice amongst business travellers on certain routes, the airline must plan for the various (32)....... involved.
Every one-year plan, therefore, must be (33)....... in relation to longer-term plans,and it should contain die stages that are necessary to achieve the final goals.
19 A make up B carry out C bring about D put down
20 A basis B grounds C foundation D structure
21 A distributions B guides C designs D patterns
22 A approval B permission C consent D decision
23 A value B inspect C review D survey
24 A command B prompt C influence D persuade
25 A guess B speculate C reckon D predict
26 A operations B techniques C measures D exercises
27 A answer B respond C counter D reply
28 A move B lead C develop D benefit
29 A expressions B descriptions C words D terms
30 A reputation B position C situation D influence
31 A desired B selected C preferred D supposed
32 A acts B steps C means D points
33 A handed over B drawn up C made out D written off
這篇文章是關於公司計劃的(planning)，做計劃時的過程和需要考慮的一些因素。
全文的第一句話說公司做的決定是一個年度過程(annual process)。接下來談到原因。19題，make up是組成、捏造、化妝的意思，用在這裡和accounting搭配不上;carry out是執行(to do something that needs to be organized and planned);bring about 是帶來，使發生(to make something happen);put down 放下，鎮壓。從意思上看，應該選B，carry out。
事實上，carry out accounting on …s是金融英語裡專業且地道的說法。最常見的一種是carry out accounting on the accrual basis 執行權責發生制。相應的，20題選basis，公司時在一年的基礎上執行會計準則的。
21題，這裡需要理解上下文的含義。這一整句話仍然是在說明公司進行planning的原因。正是因為相似的模式會在市場上出現，所以公司才需要進行計劃。選patterns是最符合原義的。
22題，很明顯，這裡填入的詞是表示批准、通過之類的，是指年前三個月完整的計劃就會被通過。從中文意思上看，A、B、C三個詞都是符合的。具體看英文解釋對幾個詞的用法進行區分。
approval：when a plan, decision, or person is officially accepted批准，正式的'
eg:The president has already given his approval to the plan.
permission：when someone is officially allowed to do something允許，也是正式的
eg:You must ask permission before taking any photographs inside the church.
consent：permission to do something不那麼正式的允許
eg:He took the car without the owner's consent.
2016年上半年商務英語中級閱讀模擬及答案解析(2)
B 1 It would be advisable for Flacks to consult customers before developing a new product.
D 2 Producing goods for specialist markets might increase Flacks' profits.
C 3 Flacks may need to change the function of one of its facilities.
A 4 Flacks should utilise its current expertise to enter a different market.
B 5 Flacks may need to consider closing its current production facility.
C 6 Flacks should develop the connections it has established with leading retailers.
A 7 Expanding the product range would not be a problem for the workforce.
Flacks is a UK-based company that produces fashion accessories for women. How can it continue to grow its business?
A Susan Falmer
Faced with a shrinking market, cheap imports and competitive pricing, Flacks will have to work hard to increase its margins. They need to move into a more promising market, one where demand is growing and where the company can exploit existing skills and contacts. They could think about brand extension - this would not be a giant leap and the sales force would take it in its stride. Also,they wouldn't need to re-equip their factory and could use non-UK sourcing if facilities here are in short supply.
B Mesut Guzel
They have the fundamentals of a survival strategy in a market where outsourced manufacture and brand differentiation hold the key to success. I think they should initially locate some of their production in another country, where manufacturing quality tends to be better and it is easier to meet changing customer demands. But they should also regularly monitor production in Britain and think about outsourcing all this work abroad at some point if they need it done faster. The company should continue to work on innovative products, and thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received.
C Gary Wilmot
In order to beat their rivals in a highly competitive market, Flacks should ensure their products are attractive and build on their relationships with the big stores rather than trying to go it alone and market directly. They should also consider refocusing production by using their UK factory for high-specification products. They could eventually build more production overseas in a cycle of continuous development.
D Michal Kaminski
The demand for fashion accessories is relatively flat and the company should consider exploiting niche markets to improve its margins. But even within these, Flacks must distinguish its goods from those of its rivals in terms of quality, performance and design. Innovative sales, marketing and PR are vital to exploit these niche products. One competitive advantage that Flacks does have is production times. Many retail chains now have two-tier supply chains and Flacks could focus on top-up orders. They might also investigate other sales channels such as mail order.
B 1 It would be advisable for Flacks to consult customers before developing a new product.
D 2 Producing goods for specialist markets might increase Flacks' profits.
C 3 Flacks may need to change the function of one of its facilities.
A 4 Flacks should utilise its current expertise to enter a different market.
B 5 Flacks may need to consider closing its current production facility.
C 6 Flacks should develop the connections it has established with leading retailers.
A 7 Expanding the product range would not be a problem for the workforce.
Flacks is a UK-based company that produces fashion accessories for women. How can it continue to grow its business?
A Susan Falmer
Faced with a shrinking market, cheap imports and competitive pricing, Flacks will have to work hard to increase its margins. They need to move into a more promising market, one where demand is growing and where the company can exploit existing skills and contacts. They could think about brand extension - this would not be a giant leap and the sales force would take it in its stride. Also,they wouldn't need to re-equip their factory and could use non-UK sourcing if facilities here are in short supply.
B Mesut Guzel
They have the fundamentals of a survival strategy in a market where outsourced manufacture and brand differentiation hold the key to success. I think they should initially locate some of their production in another country, where manufacturing quality tends to be better and it is easier to meet changing customer demands. But they should also regularly monitor production in Britain and think about outsourcing all this work abroad at some point if they need it done faster. The company should continue to work on innovative products, and thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received.
C Gary Wilmot
In order to beat their rivals in a highly competitive market, Flacks should ensure their products are attractive and build on their relationships with the big stores rather than trying to go it alone and market directly. They should also consider refocusing production by using their UK factory for high-specification products. They could eventually build more production overseas in a cycle of continuous development.
D Michal Kaminski
The demand for fashion accessories is relatively flat and the company should consider exploiting niche markets to improve its margins. But even within these, Flacks must distinguish its goods from those of its rivals in terms of quality, performance and design. Innovative sales, marketing and PR are vital to exploit these niche products. One competitive advantage that Flacks does have is production times. Many retail chains now have two-tier supply chains and Flacks could focus on top-up orders. They might also investigate other sales channels such as mail order.
2016年上半年商務英語中級閱讀模擬及答案解析(3)
Evaluating the performance of the board
Few employees escape the annual or twice-yearly performance review. (0) answer is not a great number. And the smaller the company, the fewer checks there are on how well the directors are doing. Some of the largest companies formally assess the performance of their board, but very few new or growing companies have managed to get round to establishing any such procedure.
Many business experts believe, however, that it is important for all companies to review the performance of the board. (8) her reason is that the board itself needs information on how well it is doing, just as much as other employees do. For the chief executive, appraisal of some sort is absolutely essential for his or her own sake and for the good of the company. Indeed, many of those who have reached this level remark on how lonely the job of chief executive is and how few opportunities they get to discuss issues relating to it.
There is some evidence to show that once smaller companies put a board appraisal process in place, they find this process relatively easy to operate. (9) r counterparts in larger organisations, however, are often afraid that appraisals could be a challenge to their status.
So, how should companies assess their board? (10) a very basic level,this could simply mean getting all the directors to write down what they have achieved and how they can improve on it. At the other end of the scale is the full '360-degree' appraisal. Here, each director is appraised in a systematic manner by a combination of the chairman and fellow directors.
In the largest companies there are many methods for assessing the board. A number of such companies have self-assessment schemes. The chairman may meet each board member individually to ask how things are going, in a fairly informal way. The whole board might also meet to talk about its progress in open session. (11)e might ask for people's opinions on the board's main tasks or on how well the committees are working.
Research indicates there has been some improvement in the way the appraisal of board members is conducted. (12) chairman will have been involved directly or indirectly in the appraisal of all members of the board. Whose job is it, then, to appraise the chairman?
A It is often the case that the directors of such companies are even happy to receive criticism, as this can prevent them from making basic mistakes.
B The rest of the workforce sees it as unfair if the directors are the only members of the company to escape appraisal.
C These are encouraging as they put a limit on the power of the chairman to assess fellow directors.
D Alternatively, questionnaires might be distributed to directors, forming the basis for future discussion.
E One issue remains, however, when all the others have been dealt with.
F It is generally agreed that it is the chairman's responsibility to ensure the regular appraisal of each member of the board.
G However, one wonders how many companies have in place a formal appraisal process for their board of directors.
《Evaluating the performance of the board》，評估董事局的表現。眾所周知一個公司裡面是經常對員工的表現進行評估的，那麼誰又來評估董事局的表現呢?這篇文章講了對董事局表現進行評估的重要性和一些方法。
第八題，前面說對董事局的表現進行評估是很重要的。空格後面的句子中有another reason，可見這個第八空應該填入對董事局表現進行評估原因的句子。B符合這一特點，為什麼要進行評估，因為“如果決策層是公司唯一逃避評估的成員的話，其他的員工會視之為不公平。”
第九題，前面說小公司會發現這種評估過程更容易操作。空格後面一個however，說大公司的決策層會認為評估是對他們地位的一種挑戰。可見這個空格應該填入表示小公司願意接受評估的句子。A符合這一特點：通常這些公司的決策層會很樂意接受批評，因為這可以防止他們犯錯誤。這裡的such companies是個暗示，可以和前面的smaller companies對應上。
第十題，前面問怎樣對公司的董事局進行評估。那麼很明顯，後面跟的句子應該和評估的方式方法有關。符合這一標準的只有F：一般認為確保對董事局裡每個成員的定期評估是主席的責任。也就是說是依賴於主席進行評估。responsibility是個關鍵詞。
第十一題。第五段依然是講評估的方法，具體的過程。空格的前面說主席可以單獨會見董事局的每一個成員，或者是集體在一起談話。空格後面說這些可以詢問人們關於董事局主要任務以及委員會的工作進展情況的意見。ask for people’s opinion是個關鍵點，什麼可以詢問人們的觀點?調查。選D，questionnaires是個關鍵的暗示：或者，也許可以給經理們分發調查問卷，形成未來討論的基礎。
第十二題，這一空前面說有調查顯示對董事局成員進行評估的方法有所改善。空格後面來了一個疑問，提出沒有人評估主席。可見第十二題有轉折的意思，選E，有關鍵的連詞however,而且E的one issue remains，正好對應最後一段最後一句話的一個問題。內容上也吻合。
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