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Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
A recent BBC documentary, The Town That Never Retired, sought to show the effects ofincreasing the state pension age by putting retirees back to work.
Although the results were entertaining, they need not have bothered. Away from thecameras, unprecedented numbers of older people are staying in work e the start of therecession that began in 2008, the number of 16-to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597, the same period the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240 o000.
The graying of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, since when theproportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has accelerated since the start ofthe recession. There are several reasons why. Happily, people are living longer and healthierlives, which makes staying in work less daunting than it was. Less happily, low interest rates, astagnant stock market and the end of many defined-benefit ( 固定收益 ) pension schemesmake it a financial necessity. And changing attitudes ,spurred by rules against agediscrimination, are making it easier than ever.
Most older workers are simply hanging on at the office: 63% of workers over state pensionage have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once performed full-time. A big advantage is that they donot pay national insurance contributions effectively a second income tax on younger workers.
According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce,this flexibility explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. Instead ofslashing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have halted recruitment and cutworking hours. At small businesses in particular, keeping on older workers is cheaper and lessrisky than training replacements. Over half of workers over state pension age work forbusinesses with fewer than 25 employees.
Christopher Nipper, who owns David Nipper, a womens wear manufacturer based inDerbyshire, prizes his semi-retired workers, who can be employed at short notice and do notneed to work full-time to survive. Retired machinists can fill in if there is a surge in orders;former sales advisers can work as part-time consultants. As his competitors have movedproduction abroad, depleting the pool of trained labour,retaining older workers and their skillshas become even more important.
There is scope for the older workforce to expand. Workers over the age of 50 who aremade unemployed find it harder to pick up new jobs, which could mean that more oldsters wantto work than are able to. That would be good. The Office for Budget Responsibility, the fiscalwatchdog, reported on July 12th that an ageing, unproductive population is the biggestlong-term threat to Britain's economic health.
Data from the OECD, a think-tank, shows that employment rates among workersapproaching retirement age are split in Europe, with old workers hanging on best in the rnment credit ratings follow a similar pattern. That Britain's ageing workforce more closelyresembles Germany's than Italy's could prove the country's salvation(拯救).
61. Which of the following can be inferred from the BBC documentary The Town ThatNever Retired?
A) What it intends to reveal is contrary to the reality.
B) It has received good comments from audience.
C) It aims to criticize the poor pension provision in the UK.
D) It reflects the current phenomenon of retirees coming back to work.
62. According to the passage, "it" ( Line 6, Para. 2 ) refers to__________.
A) age discrimination
B) the changing attitude
C) a financial necessity
D) staying in work after retiring
63. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is TRUE about the older workers in theUK?
A) Most of them are loyal to their former employers.
B) Most of them rarely challenge themselves by seeking new types of jobs.
C) They do not have to pay national income tax.
D) 63% of them continue to work over the retirement age.
64. According to Christopher Nieper, why are semi-retired workers favored in hiring?
A) Because they can fill in the job vacancy in a brief time.
B) Because the pool of labour in the UK is drained.
C) Because they work harder than the yoking because of economic pressure.
D) Because their working hours can be as flexible as they want.
65. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that __________.
A) Britain's ageing workforce is similar to Italy's
B) Britain's credit ratings are higher than Italy's
C) Britain's salvation is better than Germany's
D) Britain's employment rates of ageing workforce are higher than Germany's
參考答案：56.B)。本題考查讀者對該段言外之意的理解。定位段指出，如今戴著3D眼鏡的並非只有電影愛好者，一項新的研究表明3D眼鏡也能讓醫生獲益，言外之意就是，電影愛好者經常戴著3D眼鏡觀看電影，故答案為B)。A)“醫生視力不好”、C)“有些醫生也是電影愛好者”和D)“電影愛好者會做手術”在文中並未提及，故均排除。
57.D) 。本題考查過去醫生對3D技術的態度。定位句提到，在過去，醫生對工作中使用3D技術持懷疑態度，他們更願意依靠自身的經驗，D)為skeptical的近義詞，故為答案。A)“冷漠的”、B)“積極的”和C)“失望的”，均排除。
58.A)。本題考查視線捕捉攝像系統的功能。定位句提到，無需佩戴眼鏡的系統依靠捕捉視線的`攝像系統將獨立的影象傳送到每隻眼睛，從而在大腦中形成3D效果，故A)為答案。B)“為眼睛分開影象”文章並未提及，故排除;C)“通過攝像機來傳輸眼睛的影象”是對文章意思的曲解，故排除;D)“將獨立的影象傳送到每個眼鏡”與文意不符，故排除。
59.B)。本題考查3D技術帶來的好處。由定位句可知，費斯納爾說，“測試中完成最好的醫師不僅少花了15%的時間而且精準性得到大幅提高，即更高的精準性與更少的時間”，故答案為B)。同時，排除A)與C);D)“模糊的視線”文中並未提及，故排除。
60.D)。由定位句可知，研究專案的外科醫生們給3D眼鏡系統的分數最高，而無需佩戴眼鏡的3D系統和2D系統差不多，D)是對原文的轉述，故為答案。A)“3D眼鏡系統技術含量最高”在文中並未提及，故排除;B)“3D眼鏡系統不比2D系統好”和C)“無需佩戴眼鏡的3D系統比2D系統好”與原文邏輯不符,故均挑除。
