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Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
13
A.20% adults are infected with HIV in Botswana.
e aren't aggressive AIDS preventioncampaigns.
wana's HIV infected rate still remains high.
le in Botswana suffer from shortages of vitamins.
14
combination of vitamin and mineral can help patients with HIV.
multivitamins would help strengthen the immune system.
mins help the body absorb mineral and keep it healthy.
weakens the body's natural defenses for fighting disease.
15
is free of charge to the people with low income.
changes HIV infection in the long run.
slows rapidly the HIV disease progression.
can't take the place of anti-retroviral drugs.
Passage Two
Patients with HIV often develop shortages ofvitamins in the body. Researchers examined whethergiving these patients a multivitamin with a mineralsupplement helps to improve the body's naturaldefenses in fighting disease.
For 30 years, AIDS has been a major health problem in some African countries south of theSahara Desert. (13) In Botswana, one of every four adults is infected with HIV. Yet the countryalso has aggressive AIDS, prevention campaigns. That is why Professor Marianna Baumdecided to carry out her research on HIV and vitamins there.
Professor Baum studied almost 900 newly infected adults in Botswana who had not yet beengiven anti-AIDS drugs that target HIV. The adults were divided into groups. Each group gotdifferent combinations of vitamins B, C, E, and the mineral selenium, or a placebo.
Most patients with HIV do not have enough vitamins. (14) Profess Baum says she thought themultivitamins by themselves or the mineral selenium by itself would help strengthen theimmune system. She was wrong.
(14) "We were surprised to find that only the combination was effective." Studies show thatwhen people with HIV begin taking anti-retroviral drugs shortly after infection, they can stayhealthy and are less likely to pass the virus to their sexual partners. But many patients do nothave enough money to pay for treatment.
Professor Baum says the vitamin and mineral therapy combination should help people in low-income countries better control the virus.
"A simple multivitamin supplementation with selenium provided early in HIV disease can actuallyslow the HIV disease progression, and it should be provided very early in HIV infection."
(15) She says the vitamin therapy should not replace anti-retroviral drugs, but it can helppeople who cannot get those medicines.
13. Why did Professor Marianna Baum decide to carry out her research in Botswana?
14. What did Professor Marianna Baum find out about vitamins and HIV?
15. According to Professor Marianna Baum, what do we know about the vitamintherapy?
文章二
艾滋病病毒(HIV)攜帶者體內通常會缺少維生素。研究人員檢測了通過給患者服用多種維生素片以及補充礦物質元素能否幫助提高患者機體的自然抗病能力。
三十年來，艾滋病一直是困擾非洲撒哈拉沙漠南部一些國家的最大的健康問題。波札那雖然有積極有力的.艾滋病預防專案。但是那裡的成年人當中仍然有四分之一是HIV攜帶者。這就是瑪麗安娜·鮑姆教授決定在那裡對HIV和維生素之間關係進行研究的原因。
鮑姆教授在新近被感染的約900位成年人中進行了研究，這些人還沒有服用過針對HIV的抗艾滋病藥物。這些人被分成了幾個小組。它們給不同的小組服用不同的維生素和礦物質元素組合，其中包括維生素B、維生素C、維生素E、礦物元素硒，還有的小組僅僅服用安慰劑。大部分HIV患者體內缺乏維生素。鮑姆教授說，她本以為多種維生素片和礦物元素硒都可以單獨起到增強免疫系統的作用。但是她錯了。
“我們驚奇地發現只有兩者的組合才有效。”研究表明，HIV患者被感染之後很快開始服用抗逆轉錄病毒的藥物，他們就可以處於穩定的健康狀態，並且將病毒傳染給其性的夥伴的機率也會降低。但是，很多患者沒有足夠的錢接受治療。
鮑姆教授說，在一些低收入國家，維生素和礦物質組合療法可能會對控制病毒有幫助。
“簡單地服用多維生素片新增礦物質硒可以減緩早期HIV患者的病情發展。但是需要在被感染之後儘早服用。”她說維生素療法不能替代抗逆轉錄病毒藥物，但是對於買不起抗逆轉錄病毒藥物的人來說它還是有幫助的。
問題13 瑪麗安娜·鮑姆教授為什麼決定在波札那進行研究?
問題14 關於維生素與HIV的關係，瑪麗安娜·鮑姆教授發現了什麼?
問題15 根據瑪麗安娜·鮑姆教授，我們對維生素療法瞭解了什麼?
參考答案：
【小題13】C
【小題14】A
【小題15】D
習題解析：
【小題13】短文提到 Botswana 時，介紹那裡每四個成年人就有一個是艾滋病毒攜帶者，然而該國也有積極有力的艾滋病預防專案。選項 C 符合原文，故選 C。
【小題14】短文中提到，Baum 教授說她原來認為多種維生素或是砸自身都能增強免疫力，但是她錯了。下文繼續強調只有多種維生素和礦物質的組合才有效，故選 A。
【小題15】短文最後轉述了 Baum 教授的觀點，維生素療法不能替代抗逆轉錄病毒藥物，卻能幫助那些無法得到這些藥物的病人。選項 D 符合原文，故選 D。
