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The General House Effect
The green house effect is not a new phenomenon. Scientists have known for centuries that a layer of gases naturally surrounds the earth like an insulating blanket, trapping the reflected energy of the sun and preventing it from escaping into space that is what makes the earth warm enough for people, plants and animals. However, recent human activity has boosted concentrations of greenhouse gases and enhanced their heat-trapping ability. The man culprit is carbon dioxide which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global 2 is released from burning fossil fuels and from clearing and burning forests.
There are other important greenhouse gases too and they cannot be ignored. CFCs, for example, may account for 25 per cent of global warming in the text century if their production is not scaled back. But carbon dioxide is the pivotal one. The UN International panel on Climatic Change now says that Co2 levels could double within in 40 years if present rates of fossil-fuel burning and deforestation continue. That means an average temperature increase between two and four degrees centigrade and a sea-level rise of perhaps a foot by 2050.
No one knows for certain how local weather will change as a result of this warming. But one thing is clear-it will be no picnic. Indications are that the earth will be take place not over thousands of years, but over decades. And it is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.
The most sophisticated computerized climate models in the US and UK , agree that weather around the world will become more irregular and more extreme. In general, temperatures will become more towards the poles than at the equator. overall rainfall will also increase as higher temperatures boost evaporation from the seas. But the distribution of precipitation will shift. Some areas will become wetter, others will be drier. In middle latitudes, Climate zones will march poles-wards. In tropical and subtropical parts of the third would, warming will be less but the impact on a relatively stable climate will be greater.
Global warming will also cause ocean levels to rise---though not, as popular wisdom has it, due to the Antarctic ice cap melting. If this catastrophe occurs it will not be for at least another century. Instead, sea levels will rise simply because water expands as it warms. people living in low-lying coastal regions will be in danger. The world’s great river deltas, home to millions in Asia and Latin America and containing some of the Third World’s richest food-growing land, could become brackish graveyards.
6. Which gas is the most responsible for global warming?
A. Carbon Dioxide.
B. CFCs.
C. Green houses.
D. other gases in the atmosphere.
7. What will happen if man continues to burn fossil fuels and forests at present rates?
A. All fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, will run out.
B. Deforestation will give rise to the loss of co2.
C. The temperature will increase two to four degrees Fahrenheit.
D. The rise of sea-level will reach about a foot by 2050.
8. Why is the precise impact the global warming will exert on local weather hard to predict?
A. Because the great changes in temperature will take place in just decades.
B. Because the course of changes will last thousands of years.
C. Because people are not sure whether the earth will be warmer than before.
D. Because there are many other factors involved in this change.
9. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The earth, as a whole, will become much wetter.
B. The temperature around equator will rise more than around the poles.
C. The amount of rainfall will be the same from place to place.
D. The weather around the world will be more unusual in the next few decades.
10. It can be concluded that
A. The rise of ocean levels is due to the Antarctic ice cap melting.
B. The temperature increase will take a gradual course.
C. Human beings will have to suffer more from environmental damage.
D. Without greenhouse gases the earth would be extremely hot.
參考答案
6.A
第一段有這樣一句話：the main culprit is carbon dioxide, which scientists estimate accounts for nearly half of global warming 從這句話可以看出，二氧化碳是全球變暖的罪魁禍首，對全球變暖負有重大責任。
7.D
聯合國的環境變化國際小組告訴我們：如果仍以目前的速度使用燃料並濫伐森林，到2005年，地球溫度將會上升2-4攝氏度，海平面也將上升一英尺。所以C是錯誤的。A文章沒有提到燃料是否會用盡。B 濫伐森林不但不會使二氧化碳減少，反而會使二氧化碳越來越多。
8.A
第三段最後一句話告訴我們這道題的正確答案。It is the speed of the change, which makes the precise impact so difficult to predict.地球的溫度在十年間就升高了，變化發生的速度如此之快，使人很難預測到地球變暖對當地氣候的影響。
9.D
文章的第四段指出：在美國和英國有一個非常複雜的計算機化模型，這一模型得出了世界氣候越來越變化無常、越來越不規律這一結論。A一些地方會更加溼潤，一些地方會更加乾燥，而不是選項中所說的地球整體上會變的更加溼潤。B溫度在兩極的增長幅度大於在赤道的增長幅度， 而不是赤道的溫度增長幅度大於兩極的增長幅度。C 雨量分佈將發生變化，而不是選項中所說的各地的降水量相同。
10.C
文章的末尾告訴我們：環境的汙染引起的全球變暖、海平面上升、氣候異常以及雨量分佈不均，最終給人類帶來更多的不幸。A 海平面的上升並不像人們認為的那樣是由於南極冰層融化引起的。
Translation
11. Global warming could disrupt the ability of a large portion of the world’s oceans to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, setting off a vicious cycle in which the earth gets even hotter, researchers said.
(set off使爆炸,出發; vicious adj.惡的, 墮落的;researchers said注意翻譯順序)
12. These waters around Antarctica make up 10 percent of the world’s oceans and play a significant role in soaking up carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas seen as one of the main causes of global warming.
(Waters水域;soak up 吸收;注意過去分詞短語的翻譯)
13. Since carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, scientists believe a growing build-up of the gas would make the environmental problem increasingly worse.
(contribute to起作用，有助於)
14. If global warming continues with increased precipitation in the Southern ocean, there will be more stratification and that will favor diatoms.
(precipitation n.倉促; stratification n.層化, 成層,; diatom n.矽藻屬)
15. The study, which took place during a month -long expedition during the Antarctic summer, was also one of the first to show that some types of algae absorb carbon dioxide better than others.
(expedition n.遠征, 探險隊; algae n.藻類, 海藻)
句子翻譯：
11.研究人員表示，全球性的氣候變暖可能破壞世界上大部分海洋從大氣中吸收二氧化碳的能力，從而引起惡性迴圈，使地球的氣候更加炎熱。
12.南極洲周圍的這片水域佔地球海洋麵積的百分之十，在吸收二氧化碳方面起著非常重要的作用。而二氧化碳被認為是引起溫室效應的'氣體，是導致全球氣溫升高的主要原因之一。
13.科學家認為：既然是二氧化碳引起了全球氣候變暖，那麼二氧化碳的不斷積累會環境狀況進一步惡化。
14.如果全球氣候繼續變暖，南大洋州的沉澱反應繼續增加，海水的層次就將更多。這樣有利於矽藻的生長。
15.這項為期一個月的科學考察活動是在南極洲的夏季進行的，也是首批發現某些種類的海藻比其它海藻具有更強的吸收二氧化碳的能力的研究工作之一。
