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1. 成功和失敗
At any rate, patience and perseverance remains a tunnel directing people from a shadowy passageway of frustration to the land of glorious victory. Consider Samuel Johnson, the British essayist. In spite of poverty and unemployment, he never quitted his attitude. Thanks to his overwhelming patience and determination, he eventually completed a Herculean work in the history of English language, the first Dictionary of English in the world.
2.動物保護
(關鍵詞：bald eagles, wildcats, buffalos)
More animals have been found on the verge of extinction. Recently, the Federal Government has put wild cats, bald eagles on the list. And buffalos had almost been erased from the American continent.
3.沉迷網路
(關鍵詞：boost self-confidence增強自信, take refuge：逃避現實，stress:壓力，withdraw: 離群
According to psychologists, many young people suffering from shyness also risk becoming addicted to computers. Success with computers provides them with the self-confidence they lack in their personal lives. Zimbardo fears that shy youngsters who take refuge in the computer may fail to learn and practice important social skills needed later in life.
4 盜版產品
(safeguard intellectual property，CD, videos, CD-ROMs, counterfeit trademarks)
In March, China and the United States averted a trade war when they reached an agreement to safeguard U.S. intellectual property rights and ban the sale of pirated compact disks, videos, CD-ROMs, and counterfeit trademark goods including jeans, jackets and T-shirts. .
5. 交通堵塞
(關鍵詞：Tokyo, narrow lanes, radiating highways, overcrowded, parking, blaring vehicles.)
Much of the street pattern of Tokyo dates to historic times and is made of narrow, crooked lanes that are unsuitable for heavy use by automobiles. The radiating highways and expressways that were put in to modernize the road network are usually badly overcrowded, and traffic moves at a slow pace. Parking is a major problem. A person must provide proof of an off-street, overnight parking space to own a car in Tokyo.
6. 禁菸運動
(關鍵詞：smoking and bronchitis, heart attacks lung cancer, live lost,
According to the recent surveys, cigarette smoking is at least responsible for some diseases such as bronchitis, heart attacks and lung cancer. Worse still, approximately three million people die from their excessive smoking. And unless some measures were taken, the toll would be increasing in the future.
7. 追星
(關鍵詞：make nonsense of values in the society; a frivolous contribution to the society, artificially created reputation, lack of real talent, mass hysteria among young people, create fashions, way of life, style of dress, drug-taking, )
Individuals, teenagers in particular, tend to be more impressed by such superficial elements of a star: the way of his life, the style of his dress. However, these youngsters fail to realize that most of these elements are mostly artificially created reputation. More often than not, all the entertainment reports are meant to increase the star’s popularity among the young people so that new demand can be created. What’s more, some pop stars, under scrutiny, show a quite different image. Some of them turn out to be drug addicts; others lack the real talent; quite a few of them make a nonsense value in the society. All in all, star worship is nothing more than a part of market promotion. It creates mass hysteria among young people, but makes frivolous contribution to the society.
8. 考試和能力
(關鍵詞：an efficient and reliable method of testing knowledge; test of memory, working under pressure, create anxiety, dropouts, suicides, deprive people of free learning, creation, imagination, a more healthy attitude toward success and failure. )
Admittedly, tests do contribute to the current educational system. After all, throughout centuries, they remain to be the most efficient and reliable method to pick the most talented applicants in almost every field. However, exams tend to emphasize the memory of information. By comparison, some essential elements such as freedom, creation and imagination are to a large extent ignored. There is another disadvantage, that is, tests frequently put people under pressure, create numbers of dropouts and in some extreme cases, are partially responsible for the suicides of some students.
9. 愛心
Numerous cases exist to illustrate how important love is. Consider Miss Sullivan, the governess of Helen Keller. But for her considerate care and sincere love, Helen Keller would probably live in a shadow world forever. Sure enough, it is Sullivan’s back up that enlightens the girl, who is blind and deaf. It is Sullivan’s support that finally creates Helen Keller as one of the most outstanding writers in the world.
10. 友誼
(關鍵詞：friends, family members, social support, emotional sustenance, tangible resources, aid, a sense of belonging to a social network.)
Support from friends, family members, and others who care for us to go a long way in helping us to get by in times of trouble. Social support systems provide us with emotional sustenance, tangible resources and aid, and information when we are in need. People with social support feel cared about and valued by others and feel a sense of belonging to a larger social network.
或者：
Though scorned by some critics as to have misled readers with the false standard of friendship, the relationship between Antonio and Bassanio, the clue in Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, is also regarded as an exemplary case to illustrate the ideal of friendship. Isn’t it a blessing to have a friend like Antonio, who in order to help his friend, would rather sign a bond with Shylock, promising to a pond his flesh to repay his debt. On the other hand, isn’t it a comfort for souls to have a friend like Bassanio, who would be ready to pay any price to Shylock for the sole purpose of saving Antonio’s life. Surely enough, the relationship between the two has been gradually transformed to an ideal of friendship, social support and aid.
In spite of the ideological conflicts, the relationship between Carl Marx and Friedrich Engles is also regarded as an exemplary case to illustrate the ideal of friendship. Isn’t it a blessing to have a friend like Engles, who commute between London and Manchester, remitting money to Marx. Surely enough, but for Engle’s support, Marx would not have completed his towering works, the Capital. In this case, the relationship between the two has been gradually transformed to an ideal of friendship, social support and comradeship.
11. 環境保護
大氣汙染：關鍵詞：sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫，一氧化碳)
Although substantial progress had been made, sulfur dioxide and monoxide levels were up 25 percent nationally and particulates were increased by more than 14 percent. What is more, pollution levels in a dozen cities were higher than those of 1970. Of 20,000 major stationary sources of air pollution, about 5,000 failed to meet the schedules, and well over half the steel plants and nonferrous smelters in the United States continued to be in violation of federal regulations.
核汙染(Chernobyl: 切爾諾貝利核事故)
On April 26, 1986, another serious incident alarmed the world. One of four nuclear reactors at Chernobyl', about 130 km (about 80 mi) north of Kyiv (now in Ukraine) in the USSR, exploded and burned. Radioactive material spread over Scandinavia and northern Europe, as discovered by Swedish observers on April 28. According to the official report issued in August, the accident was caused by unauthorized testing of the reactor by its operators. Radiation about 50 times higher than that at Three Mile Island exposed people nearest the reactor, and a cloud of radioactive fallout spread westward. Unlike most reactors in western countries, including the United States, the reactor at Chernobyl' did not have a containment building. Such a structure could have prevented material from leaving the reactor site.
