大學英語四級常用語法精選(17)
might 表示請求:
Might I ask for a photograph of your baby? (比May I …更客氣一些)
can't, couldn't表示否定的推測:
She can't be serious.
A more suitable book can't be found. (It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)
He couldn't (can't) be over fifty.
should, ought to: 表示應該做的事, ought to比should口氣稍重一些.
You should (ought to) do as he says.
You shouldn't (oughtn't to) talk like that.
但這兩者間也有一些差別, 在表示責任, 義務等該做的事情時, 常用ought to, 在表示某件事宜於做時, 多用should, 在下面的句子中這兩個詞就不宜換用:
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.
will, would
shall, should表示意願
情態動詞後接進行式, 完成式和完成進行式:
情態動詞可以和動詞的進行式構成謂語, 表示”應該正在……”, “想必正在……”這類意思:
Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?
This isn't what I ought to be doing.
She might still be thinking about the question you raised.
They must (may) be waiting for us, let’s hurry up.
They can't be using the room now.
情態動詞有時和動詞的完成形式構成謂語, 表示”應當已經……”, “想必已經……”這類意思:
I should have thought of that.
They shouldn't have left so soon.
She must have arrived by now.
You needn't have told them that.
Where can (could) he have gone?
He can't have finished the work so soon.
He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.
We ought to have give you more help.
情態動詞間或也可以和一個動詞的完成進行式構成謂語,表示”應當一直在……”, “想必一直在……”這類意思:
They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.
They may have been discussing the problem this morning.
You should have been waiting for us. Why haven't you?
She couldn't have been swimming all day.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 洩露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連線，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的'是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 洩露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 洩露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關係來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
