一.名詞:名詞單複數,名詞的格
(一)名詞單複數
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“子音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規則名詞複數:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數名詞的複數就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的'格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數後加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結尾的複數名詞後加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結尾的複數後加 ’s children’s shoes
並列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最後一個名詞後,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在並列名詞後加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關係:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:
(1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
母音開頭的可數名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)複述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用於固定片語中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況:
(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)複數名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節日,日期,月份,季節前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定片語中:at noon at night by bus