Linux系統專家必學的命令有哪些?Linux系統有哪些命令非常有用呢?下面跟yjbys小編一起來看看吧!
1. 命令: ifconfig
ifconfig用來配置常駐核心的網路介面資訊。在系統啟動必要時用來設定網路介面卡的資訊。之後，它通常是隻需要在除錯時或當系統需要調整時使用。
檢查活動網路介面卡
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E
inet addr: Bcast: Mask:
inet6 addr: fe80::422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB) TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB)
Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr: Mask:
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB)
檢查所有的網路介面卡
“-a”引數用來顯示所有網路介面卡(網絡卡)的詳細資訊,包括那些停用的介面卡。
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E
inet addr: Bcast: Mask:
inet6 addr: fe80::422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB) TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB)
Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr: Mask:
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB)
virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0e:30:a3:3a:bf:03
inet addr: Bcast: Mask:
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
停用網路介面卡
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 down
啟用網路介面卡
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 up
指定IP地址到網路介面卡
為網路介面卡eth0設定IP地址“”.
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0
更改網路介面卡eth0的子網掩碼
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.
更改網路介面卡eth0的廣播地址
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 broadcast
為網路介面卡eth0指定IP地址,子網掩碼，廣播地址
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ ifconfig eth0 netmask broadcast
注Note:如果你設定一塊無線網絡卡的資訊,你可以使用的命令是“iwconfig”.欲知更多ifconfig命令的例子和使用方法，讀“15個有用的ifconfig 命令”.
2. 命令: netstat
netstat命令顯示各種網路相關的資訊，如網路連線,路由表,介面統計,偽裝連線,組播成員身份等….
列出所有的網路埠
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -a
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 741379 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/gpg
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8965 /var/run/et
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18584 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 741385 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/ssh
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 741387 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/pkcs11
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 20242 @/tmp/dbus-ghtTjuPN46
....
顯示所有tcp相關埠
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:5901 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:5902 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:x11-1 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:x11-2 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:5938 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:5940 *:* LISTEN
...
顯示所有連線的統計資訊
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -s
Ip:
994239 total packets received
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
165741 incoming packets delivered
3248924 requests sent out
8 outgoing packets dropped
Icmp:
29460 ICMP messages received
166 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
destination unreachable: 98
redirects: 29362
2918 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
destination unreachable: 2918
IcmpMsg:
InType3: 98
InType5: 29362
OutType3: 2918
Tcp:
94533 active connections openings
23 passive connection openings
1870 failed connection attempts
7194 connection resets received
....
好的!由於某些原因如果你不想解析netstat 輸出的主機、埠和使用者名稱稱的話 。
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -an
好，你可能需要獲取的 netstat 持續輸出的動態資訊，通過傳遞中斷輸出指令 (ctrl + c)來停止。
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ netstat -c
更多關於“netstat”的例子和使用方法，瀏覽文章“20個netstat 的使用案例”。
3. 命令： nslookup
網路實用程式，用於獲得網際網路服務器的資訊。顧名思義，該實用程式將發現通過查詢 DNS 域的名稱伺服器資訊。
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup
Server:
Address:
#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:
Address:
查詢郵件交換器記錄
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -query=mx
Server:
Address:
#53
Non-authoritative answer:
mail exchanger = 0 .
mail exchanger = 10 .
Authoritative answers can be found from:
查詢域名伺服器
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -type=ns
Server:
Address:
#53
Non-authoritative answer:
nameserver = .
nameserver = .
Authoritative answers can be found from:
查詢DNS記錄
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -type=any
Server:
Address:
#53
Non-authoritative answer:
mail exchanger = 10 .
mail exchanger = 0 .
nameserver = .
nameserver = .
nameserver = .
nameserver = .
Authoritative answers can be found from:
查詢起始授權機構
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -type=soa
Server:
Address:
#53
Non-authoritative answer:
origin =
mail addr =
serial = 2012081102
refresh = 86400
retry = 7200
expire = 3600000
minimum = 86400
Authoritative answers can be found from:
查詢埠號
更改使用你想要連線的埠號
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ nslookup -port 56
Server:
Address:
#53
Name: 56
Address:
4. 命令: dig
dig是查詢DNS 域名伺服器的工具，可以查詢的主機地址、 郵件交流、 域名伺服器相關的資訊。在任何 Linux (Unix) 或 Macintosh OS X 作業系統上，都可以使用該工具。dig的最典型的用法是單個主機的查詢。
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig
; <<>> DiG 6 <<>>
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<
關閉註釋行
[avishek@tecmint ~]$ dig +nocomments
; <<>> DiG 6 <<>> +nocomments
