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六級聽力對話應試技巧解析

校園 閱讀(2.9W)

對話部分由一男一女之間進行的10個對話組成,對話之後有一個問題。問題皆由先講話的人提出,多為特殊疑問句。從歷年考題的情況看,該部分主要有以下型別的題型:時間與數字,地點與方向,職業與身份,觀點、態度與反應,原因與結果,計劃與行動和事件與情景綜合類型題等。

六級聽力對話應試技巧解析

1)時間與數字題型

時間、數字和計算是聽力測試中最常見的題型,幾乎每年都有,而且題型也比較多。歷年試題中雖然涉及的數字或數目並不多,但考生的答對率卻不高。究其原因,一是對數字的表達方法不夠熟悉,二是對技巧的運用不夠熟練。

● 卷面線索

時間題的四個選項一般都是表達時刻的數字,或是星期、年、月等詞,偶爾會有介詞後跟數字。

數字題的選項則有可能為純粹的數字或帶有貨幣符號的數字。

● 解題要點

一般來說,正確答案不會是直接聽到的數字,而往往是在意思上與這相同或相近,或換了一種表達方式,或要求對聽到的數字進行簡單的四則運算。做這類題時,聽清這些數字和它們之間的關係是解題的關鍵。

這些數字之間的關係往往用more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after之類的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語來表示,多為時間題。

【例1】

M: Could you tell me the timetable of the school bus?

W: Well, the bus leaves here for the campus every two hours from 6:30 am But on weekends it starts half an hour later.

Q: When did the second bus leave on Saturday?

A) 7:30B) 8:00C) 8:30D) 9:00

答案D)。這是一道較為複雜的轉換題。考生應聽懂對話中的every two hours from 6:30和half an hour later兩處,同時還要細心,捕捉到問題中的the second bus和Saturday。

【例2】

W:Have you heard about the air crash that occurred last Wednesday?

M:Yes The newspaper said six crew members and sixty four passengers were killed, and fifteen others were injured.

Q: How +many people suffered in the air crash?

A) 85. B)70 C)64. D)31.

這是一道簡單的數字運算題,解題的關鍵是要聽懂問句中的“suffer”一詞,受害者應包括死者和傷者,故答案應為6+64+15=85,A)。

【例3】

W:Sorry,Mr Smith is not in May I have him return your call?

M:Yes, thank you I’m at 6330872…Sorry It’s 6338720.

Q: What’s the man’s telephone number?

A) 6330872. B)6380372. C) 6338720. D)6338726.

這道題要注意的是電話號碼在口語中的讀法。6338720的最常見的讀法是:six double three eight seven two zero (或o)。另外還要注意不要受干擾資訊的影響,如本題中的6330872以及其後的話語停頓。

【例5】

W: I’d like to make two reservations one Flight 651 for June 8th.

M: I’m sorry We’ve booked up on the 8th But we still have a few seats available on the 9th

Q: When does the man want to leave?

A) On the 6th of June B) On the 8th of June.

C) On the 9th of June D) On the 19th of June.

答案為(B)。與上一題類似,本題是考察考生抗干擾的能力。對話中干擾因素有Flight 651和the 9th兩個數詞。考生還要理解兩個詞:reservation意為“預定”,而book up則指“訂完”。此外,還要熟悉日期的不同表達方法。

2) 地點與方向題型

在地點型試題中,有的地點在對話中直接提到,有的則需要根據對話內容來判斷(這類問題一般是問對話發生在何處),還有的則是兩者兼而有之。

● 卷面線索:選項通常由(介詞+)地點名詞構成,提問可分為兩種情況。第一種問對話發生在何處,選項的形式通常為表示方位的介詞(如in, at等)加上一個地點名詞構成;第二種問的是方向,選項的形式通常為表示方向的介詞(如to, from, out of等)加上一個地點名詞或者只有地點名詞構成。

● 解題要點:

(1) 首先要根據卷面線索判斷出試題的型別。對於第一種試題,要重點聽對話中的與特定地點有關的常用詞或片語(即關鍵詞),例如聽到reserve,check in,check out,room之類的詞的話即可判斷對話是發生在旅館裡,聽到size,color,pay,discount之類的詞即可判斷對話地點是在商店等。

(2) 與方向有關的詞和片語並不多,所提出的問題在形式上也可能比較簡單,但是這類問題出現時,往往需要幾經思考才能得出答案。在這類問題中,務必要注意錄音中的內容細節,不要單憑從對話中獲得的孤立資訊來確定答案。建議在聽音的同時用筆在紙上畫一些草圖以幫助理解。

(3)與時間題不同,有的地點題可通過邏輯判斷猜出正確的答案,平時要注意這方面能力的培養。

【例1】

M:Good afternoon This is Edward Miller at the Sun Valley Health Center I’d like to speak to Mr Adams, please.

W:Mr Miller, my husband isn’t at home I can give you his business phone if you’d like to call him at work.

Q:Where is Mr Adams now?

A)At the Sun Valley. B) At the Health Center.

C) At home D) At Work.

答案D)。本題表面是很簡單,因為對話中有直接提示詞At work,它與D)項完全相同。此外,his buisness phone(他的辦公電話)也能給我們一定的提示。

【例2】

M: I’ve just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel was really awful! It was miles from the sea. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty.

W: Sorry about that but it’s not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility

Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?

A) At the airport. B) In a travel agency.

C) In a hotel D) At home

此題對話中雖有地點名詞出現(hotel),但明顯不是答案。本題考的是推理能力。根據hotel等關鍵詞,可推斷對話的話題與旅行有關。而從W的話中的arrange, contract等詞,可以判斷出這是一家旅行社(B)。本題說明,在聽對話時,要對關鍵詞特別注意,但又不能認為關鍵詞就是答案。

【例3】

M:Now, Miss, do you feel all right now? What happened?

W:Yes, I’m fine now. I was just at the motorway I was driving along the main road when suddenly right before the crossroads I met the car came out at the side street I didn’t see him until he hit me.

Q: Where was the car before it hit the woman?

A)In the side street. B) At the crossroads.

C) On the main road D) On the motorway.

本題屬於較為特殊的地點題,考生不僅要聽懂對話發生的地點,而且要能理解I met the car came out at the side street這句語法上有錯誤的話並推斷出在汽車撞上W之前,它正在the side street (A)中。其他選項在對話中都曾出現過,但它們都是描述W本人所在的位置,而非肇事車輛所處的位置。

【例4】

W:I just stopped by at your office in the bank. They told me that you had quit where are you working now?

M: I am working for a lawyer pay is better and the work is much more interesting.

Q: Where did the man work before?

A) In a court. B) On the farm.

C) In a bank. D) In a shop.

答案C)。此題的關鍵詞bank在對話中出現了兩次,考生不但可以從女士的話(…at your office in the bank,They told me that you had quit:),也可以從男士的回答(The pay is better than in the bank…)中得出本題的正確答案。而a lawyer 僅僅是一個難度不大的干擾詞,考生只要聽懂now這一詞就可以排除,B)D)兩項與本題對話明顯無關。

3)觀點、態度與反應題型

觀點、態度與反應題是指對話雙方對某事或某人的觀點和看法。有時這種觀點和看法在對話中直接表達出來了,但絕大部分情況需要考生從說話人的語調、語氣以及所使用的詞彙、短語等方面來進行推理和判別的。這種題型的卷面特徵通常表現在以下兩個方面:

(1) 選項一般為完整的句子。

(2) 某一選項可能含有think, should, agree (disagree), share … opinion , like (dislike), will等詞。

其提問方式有:

What did the woman/man say about …?

What’s the woman’s/man’s attitude towards / opinion about …?

What does the woman/man mean/imply (by saying …)?

What did the woman/man think of …?

What does the man think the woman should do?

等等。這類題由於說話者表達觀點和看法的方式比較含蓄,不能為選擇書面答案找到直接的資訊,而是需要考生聽懂錄音並利用邏輯思維來進行推理和判斷,因此往往被認為較難(在託福聽力中這種題居多,在近幾年的六級考試題中亦多見)。為此,從卷面的角度考慮,我們建議採取以下策略:

(1)凡在選項中出現agree (disagree), share … opinion , like (dislike)之類的詞語的題是判斷第二個說話的.人是否同意第一個說話的人的觀點的,在聽的時候要重點注意第二個人所說的話,尤其是言外之意 。平時還要掌握表示贊同和反對的習語,如:

You can say it again.

I can’t agree more.

I’m not sure…

I doubt …

I’d rather …

(2)選項中出現should, ought to等詞語的題,其答案多出現在第一個人說的話裡,但是要隨機應變。例如,第一個人是女聲,如果選項都是He should / the man should …的話,則重點在女聲的話中;而如果選項中出現的是She should …的話,重點又在男聲的話中了。

(3)對於選項中出現mean, think, will (表意願)的題,通常有兩種情況,其一是說話人用了虛擬語氣來表達其願望;其二是找一個藉口(用but來引導)來拒絕對方的邀請、建議等。因此平時要對虛擬語氣非常熟悉,考試時才能聽得出來。

此外,對話者的語調也可提供重要的資訊,但要求較高,此處不予推薦,讀者如有興趣,可參考有關書籍。

【例1】

M: Isn’t that a new brand of typewriter you are working at?

W: Oh, Bill This isn’t the first time you’ve asked me about it.

Q: What does the woman imply?

A) The man is a forgetful person.

B) The typewriter is not new.

C) The man can have the typewriter later.

D) The man misunderstood her.

答案為A)。本題是一道間接回答的典型題。W並沒有直接回答M的話,而是說:你已問了多次了。言外之意,是說M太健忘。捕捉言外之意是一項要求較高、難度較大的能力,它不僅要求具有紮實的語言基礎與聽的能力,還需要經過反覆實踐才能掌握。

【例2】

W: Now, would you please fill out these customs forms for each package? Please state clearly the contents and value of each, and the name and address of the returnee Better in block letters.

M: There I think I’ve filled out everything correctly.

Q: What’s the woman’s occupation?

A) DoctorB) Clerk.

C) ProfessorD) Waitress.

答案為B)。本題的關鍵詞包括fill out … forms, customs, state the contents and value等。從以上的關鍵詞中我們可以知道W是海關人員,所以其餘選項皆不可能。

【例3】

W: Some people know a lot more than they tell.

M: Unfortunately the reverse is also true.

Q: What does the man mean?

A) Some people pretend to know what they really don’t.

B) What the woman said is true.

C) What the woman said is wrong.

D) He knows more than the woman does.

答案為A)。由於對話極短,僅就對話內容而言,本題難度較大。考生不僅要理解W所說的話,同樣要理解M說的the reverse is also true (相反的情況同樣存在,即說的比懂的多,不懂裝懂)。所以,他不僅肯定了W的話,還提出了自己的觀點,這樣,只選B)就不夠準確

了。

【例4】

M: May I ask the nature of your business, please?

W: I’m from the State Administration, and I need to talk with Mr Jones about his building project on 20 Street.

Q: What is the man’s probable occupation?

A) Waiter.B) Secretary.

C) Tailor D) Professor.

本題略難,對話中男士的職業要從女士的回答中去推斷,女士說她來找Mr Jones是要與他談在20號大街上的建築專案,由此可知對話中的男士應該是Mr Jones的同事或下屬,只有B)符合。

Industry Keeps the body healthy ,the mind clear,the heart whole,the purse full.

——C Simmons

勤奮使身體健康,使心情開朗,使思想專注,使經濟充裕。——C西蒙斯

4)職業與身份題型

職業與身份型別的題包括人物的職業、身份以及與他人的關係。此類對話經常提供一個情節,反應所涉及的人物的關係或身份。大部分情況下,這類題的選擇項是有固定格式的,要麼是四個不同的職業,要麼是四對不同身份的人。與地點題類似的是,我們在聽音時要善於捕捉關鍵詞,以便抓住簡短對話中所提供的資訊,作出準確的判斷。因此,除了要熟悉選項出現的形式,還要對其相應的設問做到心中有數。常見的設問有:

1 Who (what) is the man/woman?

2 What is the man’s/woman’s profession/occupation?

3 What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

對於前兩種提問,其選項通常為四個表示職業的名詞。而對於第三題,其選項則為由and連線起來的四對名詞或名詞複數。

5)原因與結果題型

原因與結果題與大多數其他型別的題所不同的是,聽音前較難通過卷面線索判斷出這一題屬於原因與結果題,要想判斷出正確答案就更困難了。但是題型判斷對於捕捉關鍵資訊非常重要,考生應通過平時大量的訓練和細緻的分析爭取儘快地抓住一些蛛絲馬跡,作出準確的判斷。這類題的卷面特徵可概括如下:

(1)四個選項通常都是完整的陳述句;

(2)至少有一個選項暗示出該事實能導致某種結果,通常有好幾個選項的事實能導致同一結果;

(3)選項中可能出現can’t, not be able to, too(… to), have to等詞或片語。

對於因果題,只要判斷出題的型別就足夠了,不宜浪費時間推測正確答案。此外,因果題主要集中在原因上,而且一般由對話中的第二個人說出,因此應試時要格外注意第二個人說的話。提問通常以why、what reason等引導。以下各例對考試中出現過的各種形式逐一分析。

【例1】

M: Mary, why isn’t Jane teaching here this term?

W: She can’t she was fired.

Q: What reason was given for Jane’s not teaching?

A) She is tired of teaching.

B) She was dismissed from her job.

C) She’s changing jobs.

D) The school is too hot.

請讀者結合本題,理解上面所講的卷面特徵。本題中的D顯然沒有道理,剩下的三個選項都能引起Jane不再教書這一結果。判斷出題型以後,就不會錯過W話中的she was fired這一資訊,答案B)自然就呼之欲出了。

【例2】

W:Suppose the company offered you a pay rise of 50%, would you be so determined to leave and look for a job elsewhere?

M:Yes I’ve set my mind on it, I’d like to find a job with scope to show my ability.

Q:Why has the man decided to leave the company?

A) He is not equal to the job.

B) He is not well paid for his work.

C) He doesn’t think the job is challenging enough.

D) He can not keep mind on his work.

本題要求根據表面話語推斷出隱含的意義。在對話中,M最關鍵的一句是:I’d like to …ability。言外之意就是目前的工作對他來說缺乏挑戰性,即C)項為正確。

【例3】

M: Helen isn’t here yet. Did you forget to invite her?

W: She was going to come, but then changed her mind.

Q: Why isn’t Helen present?

A) She decided not to come.

B) She forgot to come.

C) She wasn’t invited.

D) She altered her decision.

本題儘管沒有出現具有提示作用的關鍵詞,但綜合四個(尤其是前三個)選項,明顯可以看出,問題必然是why doesn’t Helen come這樣的句子,這樣在聽懂第二個人的話語之後,這一題就很容易做出來了。正確答案為D。

【例4】

W: George, where were you yesterday evening? I expected to see you at the concert.

M: Oh, I waited for you at the corner of your street. Then I looked for you at your flat, but the housekeeper said you were out.

Q: Why didn’t they meet that evening?

A) They were both busy doing their own work.

B) They waited for each other at different places.

C) They went to the street corner at different times.

D) The man went to the concert but the woman didn’t.

儘管因果題的答題線索通常都出現在第二個人說的話中,即第一個人說出結果,第二個人解釋原因,但本題是個例外,雙方都說出了部分原因。這是為什麼呢?我們看一下選項就明白了。在本題的選項中每一項都牽扯到了對話的雙方,所以聽的時候要注意雙方話。

6)事件情景題型

在聽力考試中,最令考生頭疼的莫過於事件情景題,但恰恰這類題在六級考試中出現得最多,這也是四、六級聽力考試的區別之一。事件與情景題是針對對話所涉及的事件、對話所發生的情景及談話內容存在的背景等設計而成的考題。這種題的形式一般是:對話雙方圍繞某件事、某個主題進行討論,在談話中涉及情景、背景或描述環境,然後針對談話內容提問,其設問通常由what、why、how等引出,如:

What are the two speakers discussing?

What does the man/woman say about …?

What can you learn from the conversation? 等。

事件與情景題可分為事件細節題、綜合理解題和推理題。對於細節題,考生要聽清整個談話的內容以至個別的詞語;對於其他兩種題,考生還要能夠將這些內容和細節連貫起來進行整體的綜合理解和進行邏輯推理。

由於其選項多為完整的句子,因此有效利用這種題的卷面線索的方法是:做題前對選項進行快速瀏覽,找出重複率較高的詞,並對對話的內容和背景進行預測,甚至可用邏輯分析猜出正確答案。

【例1】

M: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?

W: Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.

Q: What happened to Mike?

A) His car was hit by another car.

B) He was hurt while playing volleyball.

C) He fell down the stairs.

D) While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.

答案為A)。此題考的是判斷事實、關注細節的能力,有一定的難度。其實,考生如果聽懂了M說的he was struck by another vehicle,就能推斷出Mike在被撞時是開著車子的,否則就不可能說是another vehicle了,更何況選項A)實際上就是此句話的同義重複。就卷面來說,本題有兩個選項與車禍有關(A、D),另外兩個則是各自獨立的,事先可基本確定答案將在A、D中產生。

【例2】

M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years It has caused much damage and destruction.

W: Look at the prices of fruits and vegetables. No wonder they are so expensive.

Q: What are they talking about?

A)The effects of the flood.

B) The heroic fight against a flood.

C) The cause of the flood

D) Floods of the past twenty years.

答案為A) 。本題要求根據對話內容推斷所談論的主題——洪水造成的影響。考生可從兩方面得出答案,一是M的後一句話It has caused many damage and destruction,二是W話中涉及的事實,它們實際上就是由洪水引起的。

【例3】

W: I have to think about your offer I can’t say ‘yes’ or ‘no’ at the moment.

M: You can take your time It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two.

Q: Which of the following is true?

A) The man thinks the woman is wasting her time.

B) The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.

C) The man is eager to know the woman’s answer.

D) The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.

本題的選項極象觀點、態度與反應題,但實際考的是把握細節的能力。當年(1991年6月)很多考生都沒能做對,主要原因是對take one’s time沒有理解,而將其與選項B)的意思混淆了,而且也沒能用M的後半句話來加以驗證。事實上,M的話可分為兩部分,把握住任何一個就足以選出正確答案D),如能相互驗證那就更有把握了。從卷面的角度分析,我們可以看出,C)、D)兩項為完全排斥的反義關係,而A)、B)並非如此。在這種情況下,可基本排除A)、B),本題的難度也就降低了50%。