一、教學內容
必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes
（一）重點單詞
（二）重點短語
（三）重點句型
二、知識精講
（一）重點單詞：
1. burst
(1) vi.破裂,爆炸
例：
Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
水管在寒冷的天氣裡經常爆裂。
（2）vt.突破，衝撞
例：
They burst the door open.
他們把門撞開了。
（3）n.某事的突然爆發
a burst of ... 一陣……
例：
a burst of laughter /anger /applause
一陣笑聲/怒火 /掌聲
知識拓展：
burst into + n. = burst out + v.-ing 突然做某事
例：
burst into laughter/tears =burst out laughing/ crying
突然大笑/大哭
典型例題：
One minute she burst into _____ and the next burst out _____- We just couldn't catch her mood at any moment.
A. crying, laughter B. tears, laughing
C. tears, laughter D. crying, laughing
答案：B
2. ruin
(1) n. 毀滅，崩潰，廢墟，遺蹟
例：
The war brought ruin to the country.
戰爭給國家帶來了毀滅。
常構成短語：
in ruins 破敗不堪；成為廢墟
例：
The earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
那次地震過後，全城到處是一片廢墟。
（2）v. 毀壞，使破產
例：
I was ruined by that law case.
我被那場官司搞得傾家蕩產。
It poured with rain and my dress was ruined.
大雨傾盆，我的連衣裙已被淋得不成樣子了。
典型例題：
"After World War II, many of the cities across western European countries ________," our guide said.
A. lied in ruin B. lied in ruins C. lay in ruins D. lying in ruins
答案：C
3. injure v. 損害，傷害
例：
Smoking will injure your health
吸菸會損害你的健康。
知識拓展：
injury n.
injured adj. 受傷的；受損壞的
the injured 受傷的人；傷員
辨析：injure; hurt; wound
※hurt使受傷；使疼痛；傷害；使傷心。一般用語，既可指肉體上的.傷害，也可指精神上的傷害，還可用作vi.動詞，意為"疼痛、惹起痛苦"。
例：
What he said hurt me deeply.他說的話使我非常傷心。
It hurts when I move my leg.我的腿一動就疼。
※wound指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷，尤指在戰爭中，戰鬥中受傷。
例：
He got wounded in the fighting.他在戰鬥中受了傷。
※injure一般指由於意外或事故而受傷。
例：
He was badly injured in the accident.他在這次事故中受了重傷.
典型例題：
They tried to prevent their cows from ____.
A. injury B. injuring C. being injured D. hurting
答案：C
4. shock
(1) n. 震驚，打擊，休克
例：
They will get a shock when they get this bill.
他們收到這份賬單時一定會大吃一驚。
The news of his mother's death was a terrible shock to him.
他母親去世的訊息使他非常震驚。
知識拓展：
in shock處於休克狀態
(2) v. (使）震驚，震動
常構成短語：
be shocked at sth. 因……而感到震驚
be shocked to do sth 對做某事感到震驚
It shocks sb. to do sth. ……使某人震驚
例：
He was shocked by what you said.他對你說的話感到震驚。
He was shocked to know his son playing all day. 知道他的兒子整天玩耍他大為震驚。
It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
看到鄰居們如此對待他們的孩子，使我十分震驚。
典型例題：
All of the people present felt ____ at the ____ news.
A. shocked; shocking B. shocking; shocked
C. shocking; shocking D. shocked; shocked
答案：A
5. rescue vt.＆n. 營救,援救
常構成短語：
come to one's rescue前來營救某人
rescue …from 把……從……營救/解救出來
例：
They rescued him from danger
他們把他從危險中解救出來。
The rescue team made ten rescues in a week.
救援隊一個星期之內進行了10次救援。
v. 埋葬;隱藏；使沉浸（或專心於）
例：
She buried her face in her hands and wept.
她雙手掩面哭了起來。
知識拓展：
be buried in sth. / bury oneself in sth. 埋頭於或專心致志於某事
例：
In the evenings he buries himself in his books.
每天晚上他都埋頭讀書。
7. damage v. ＆ n. 損失；損害
常構成短語：
do/cause damage to 對……造成損害/損失
例：
The accident did a lot of damage to the car.
這一事故把汽車損壞得很厲害。
辨析：destroy, ruin, damage
※destroy: 毀滅；摧毀；毀壞；破壞。表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上徹底摧毀，使之無法復原，也可以表示對某物體進行完全的毀壞。
例：
An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一顆原子彈可以摧毀一座城市。
※ruin: 敗壞，毀壞，崩潰的狀態。 指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打擊結果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。
例：
She ruined his prospects.她毀了他的前途
※damage: 損害；損毀（使失去價值）。一般指對物體或生命的區域性損壞。
例：
The car was badly damaged in the accident.
汽車在這次事故中嚴重損毀。
即學即用：
(1) The building was completely by the fire.
(2) My car was badly _______in the accident and it is being repaired in the garage.
(3) He wanted to become a university student, but his father's death _ his hope.
A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged
答案：BCA
8. frighten vt. 使驚嚇；嚇唬
例：
Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you.
對不起，沒想到嚇到你了。
知識拓展：
frightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的（常與人，目光，表情，聲音等連用）
frightening adj.令人恐懼的（常用來修飾物）
類似用法的單詞還有: interested ; interesting / surprised ; surprising/ amazed ; amazing / amused ; amusing/ satisfied; satisfying/ shocked ; shocking 等等。
典型例題：
The stranger said something in a ______voice and the little girl was very much_____.
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightening
C. frightening; frightening D. frightened; frightened
答案：A
9. judge
(1) n. 法官，裁判
He is as serious as a judge.
他像法官一樣嚴肅。
(2) v. 斷定；判斷；判決
常構成短語：
judge …from/ by 根據……判斷/ 斷定
judging from/ by根據……判斷/ 斷定
（注意: judging from/ by根據……判斷/ 斷定 只可作狀語.）
例：
We should never judge a person by/from his appearances.
我們不應以貌取人。
Judging from/ by previous experience, he will be late.
根據以往的經驗來看，他得遲到。
典型例題：
________ his accent, he is from the south of China.
A. Judged by B. Judging to C. To be judged by D. Judging by
答案：D
