(1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如:·This isthe house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)·Thehouse, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)
(2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如:·CharlesSmith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經是我的老師。·Myhouse, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。· Thisnovel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人,我已經讀了三遍。
(3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數。例如:·Heseems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。·Liquidwater changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態水變為蒸汽,這就叫做蒸發。說明:關係代詞that和關係副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
(4) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開,例如:
This is the house that we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)
(5) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的.,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人,我已經讀了三遍。
(6) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽,這就叫做蒸發。
說明:關係代詞that和關係副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
練習題:
1.I know the boy ____________ you gave the book____________.
;to h;to whom;to ;to him
in is the very place ____________ I’m anxious to pay a visit.
h which which
you been to Hangzhou____________ West Lake is the most beautiful in our country?
e h e
4.I know the student ____________ you borrowed the pen.
whom which
are players from Japan,____________ are our old friends.
e
arrived at the farmhouse in front of ____________ sat a small boy.
place h
is the day ____________ I’ll never forget.
A./ which which
letter is from my sister,____________ is working in Beijing.
h
9.I bought a book,____________ I can’t remember now.
title e title title of it title of that
10.I want to use the same dictionary ____________ was used yesterday.
h
is good at English,____________ we all know.
12.I’ll never forget the days ________ we spent together in the countryside.
which h which
is the best film ____________ I have ever seen.
h that
is the only one of the students ____________ from Shanghai.
is are are come
Scott is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China.
s working working been working
16.I,who ____________ in America,feel proud of being a Chinese.
B./ g
’ll never forget the people and the place ________ she visited in Beijing last year.
h e
you know the reason ____________ he was late?
what h which
1~5 ADABD 6~10 CACBD 11~18 BCAAC CAC
用關係代詞填空.(答案可能不唯一)(that, which, who, whom, whose)
1. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
2. The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
3. A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.
4. Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?
5. This is the best film ________ has been shown this year.